Ensiklopedia

Berikut ini adalah daftar kepala negara , kepala pemerintahan , dan pemimpin negara lain pada tahun 1997 .

Afrika

Aljazair -
- Presiden - Liamine Zéroual , Presiden Aljazair (1994–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Ahmed Ouyahia , Perdana Menteri Aljazair (1995–1998)
Angola -
- Presiden - José Eduardo dos Santos , Presiden Angola (1979–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Fernando José de França Dias Van-Dúnem , Perdana Menteri Angola (1996–1999)
Benin
- Presiden - Mathieu Kérékou , Presiden Benin (1996–2006)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1996–1998)
Botswana -
- Presiden - Sir Quett Masire , Presiden Botswana (1980–1998)
Burkina Faso -
- Presiden - Blaise Compaoré , Presiden Burkina Faso (1987–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Burkina Faso (1996–2000)
Burundi -
- Presiden - Pierre Buyoya , Presiden Burundi (1996–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Burundi (1996–1998)
Kamerun -
- Presiden - Paul Biya , Presiden Kamerun (1982–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Kamerun (1996–2004)
Tanjung Verde -
- Presiden - António Mascarenhas Monteiro , Presiden Tanjung Verde (1991–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Tanjung Verde (1991–2000)
Republik Afrika Tengah
- Presiden - Ange-Félix Patassé , (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–1999)
Chad -
- Presiden - Idriss Déby , Presiden Chad (1990–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Chad (1995–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Chad (1997–1999)
Komoro -
- Presiden - , Presiden Komoro (1996–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–1998)
- Anjouan (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - declared independence on 3 August 1997
  - Presiden - , Presiden Anjouan (1997–1999)
- Mohéli (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - declared independence on 11 August 1997
  - Presiden - , Presiden Mohéli (1997–1998)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Mohéli (1997–1998)
Congo–Brazzaville (Republik Kongo)
- Presiden -
  1. Pascal Lissouba , Presiden Republik Kongo (1992–1997)
  2. Denis Sassou Nguesso , Presiden Republik Kongo (1997–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997)
Congo–Kinshasa (Republik Demokratik Kongo)
- name changed from Zaire to Republik Demokratik Kongo on 17 May 1997
- Presiden -
  1. Mobutu Sese Seko , Presiden Zaire (1965–1997)
  2. Laurent-Désiré Kabila , Presiden Republik Demokratik Kongo (1997–2001)
- Kepala Pemerintahan -
  1. , (1994–1997)
  2. Étienne Tshisekedi , (1997)
  3. , (1997)
Pantai Gading -
- Presiden - Henri Konan Bédié , Presiden Pantai Gading (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Daniel Kablan Duncan , Perdana Menteri Pantai Gading (1993–1999)
Jibuti -
- Presiden - Hassan Gouled Aptidon , (1977–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Barkat Gourad Hamadou , (1978–2001)
Mesir -
- Presiden - Hosni Mubarak , Presiden Mesir (1981–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Kamal Ganzouri , Perdana Menteri Mesir (1996–1999)
Guinea Khatulistiwa -
- Presiden - Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo , Presiden Guinea Khatulistiwa (1979–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Guinea Khatulistiwa (1996–2001)
Eritrea -
- Presiden - Isaias Afewerki , Presiden Eritrea (1991–sekarang) ^{[
  
  1
  
  ]}
Ethiopia -
- Presiden - , Presiden Ethiopia (1995–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Meles Zenawi , Perdana Menteri Ethiopia (1995–2012)
Gabon -
- Presiden - Omar Bongo , Presiden Gabon (1967–2009)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Gabon (1994–1999)
Gambia -
- Presiden - Yahya Jammeh , Presiden Gambia (1994–present)
Ghana
- Presiden - Jerry Rawlings , Presiden Ghana (1981–2001)
Guinea -
- Presiden - Lansana Conté , Presiden Guinea (1984–2008)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Guinea (1996–1999)
Guinea-Bissau -
- Presiden - João Bernardo Vieira , Presiden Guinea-Bissau (1984–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Guinea-Bissau (1994–1997)
  2. Carlos Correia , Perdana Menteri Guinea-Bissau (1997–1998)
Kenya -
- Presiden - Daniel arap Moi , Presiden Kenya (1978–2002)
Lesotho -
- Penguasa monarki - Letsie III , Raja Lesotho (1996–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Lesotho (1994–1998)
Liberia -
- Kepala Negara -
  1. , Chairwoman of Dewan Negara Liberia (1996–1997)
  2. , Presiden Liberia (1997–2003)
- De facto Kepala Negara - Muammar Gaddafi , Pemimpin Revolusi Libya (1969–2011)
- Nominal Kepala Negara - Muhammad az-Zanati , Sekretaris Jenderal Kongres Rakyat Libya (1992–2008)
- Kepala Pemerintahan -
  1. Abdul Majid al-Qa′ud , Sekretaris Jenderal Komite Rakyat Libya (1994–1997)
  2. Muhammad Ahmad al-Mangoush , Sekretaris Jenderal Komite Rakyat Libya (1997–2000)
Madagaskar -
- Presiden -
  1. , Presiden Madagaskar sementara (1996–1997)
  2. Didier Ratsiraka , Presiden Madagaskar (1997–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Madagaskar (1996–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Madagaskar (1997–1998)
Malawi -
- Presiden - Bakili Muluzi , Presiden Malawi (1994–2004)
Mali -
- Presiden - , Presiden Mali (1992–2002)
- Perdana Menteri - Ibrahim Boubacar Keïta , Perdana Menteri Mali (1994–2000)
Mauritania -
- Presiden - Maaouya Ould Sid'Ahmed Taya , Presiden Mauritania (1984–2005)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Mauritania (1996–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Mauritania (1997–1998)
Mauritius -
- Presiden - , Presiden Mauritius (1992–2002)
- Perdana Menteri - Navin Ramgoolam , Perdana Menteri Mauritius (1995–2000)
Mayotte ( of Prancis)
- Prefek - , (1996–1998)
- Presiden Dewan Jenderal - , (1991–2004)
Maroko -
- Penguasa monarki - Hassan II , Raja Maroko (1961–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Abdellatif Filali , Perdana Menteri Maroko (1994–1998)
- Western Sahara ( )
  - Presiden - Mohamed Abdelaziz , (1976–sekarang)
  - Perdana Menteri - , (1995–1999)
Mozambik -
- Presiden - Joaquim Chissano , Presiden Mozambik (1986–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Mozambik (1994–2004)
Namibia -
- Presiden - Sam Nujoma , Presiden Namibia (1990–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Hage Geingob , Perdana Menteri Namibia (1990–2002)
Niger -
- Presiden - Ibrahim Baré Maïnassara , Presiden Niger (1996–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Niger (1996–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Niger (1997–2000)
Nigeria -
- Kepala Negara - Sani Abacha , Ketua Provisional Ruling Dewan Nigeria (1993–1998)
Rwanda -
- Presiden - , Presiden Rwanda (1994–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Rwanda (1995–2000)
Saint Helena dan Dependencies ( Wilayah Seberang Laut Britania )
- Gubernur - , Gubernur Saint Helena (1995–1999)
Sao Tome dan Principe -
- Presiden - , (1995–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1996–1999)
Senegal -
- Presiden - Abdou Diouf , Presiden Senegal (1981–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Senegal (1991–1998)
Seychelles -
- Presiden - , Presiden Seychelles (1977–2004)
Sierra Leone -
- Kepala Negara -
  1. Ahmad Tejan Kabbah , (1996–1997)
  2. Johnny Paul Koroma , (1997–1998)
Somalia -
- Presiden - , Presiden Somalia (1996–1997)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Somalia (1991–1997)
- Somaliland (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - Muhammad Haji Ibrahim Egal , Presiden Somaliland (1993–2002)
Afrika Selatan -
- Presiden - Nelson Mandela , Presiden Afrika Selatan (1994–1999)
Sudan -
- Presiden - Omar al-Bashir , Presiden Sudan (1989–sekarang)
Swaziland -
- Penguasa monarki - Mswati III , Raja Swaziland (1986–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Barnabas Sibusiso Dlamini , Perdana Menteri Swaziland (1996–2003)
Tanzania -
- Presiden - Benjamin Mkapa , Presiden Tanzania (1995–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Frederick Sumaye , Perdana Menteri Tanzania (1995–2005)
Togo -
- Presiden - Gnassingbé Eyadéma , Presiden Togo (1967–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Togo (1996–1999)
Tunisia -
- Presiden - Zine El Abidine Ben Ali , Presiden Tunisia (1987–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Tunisia (1989–1999)
Uganda -
- Presiden - Yoweri Museveni , Presiden Uganda (1986–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Kintu Musoke , Perdana Menteri Uganda (1994–1999)
Zaire
- see under Congo–Kinshasa
Zambia -
- Presiden - Frederick Chiluba , Presiden Zambia (1991–2002)
Zimbabwe -
- Presiden - Robert Mugabe , Presiden Zimbabwe (1987–present)

Asia

-
- ( Taliban ) -
  - De Facto Kepala Negara - Mohammed Omar , (1996–2001)
  - De Facto Perdana Menteri - , (1996–2001)
- ( ) - Burhanuddin Rabbani , Presiden Afghanistan (1992–2001)
Bahrain -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Isa bin Salman Al Khalifa , Emir Bahrain (1961–1999) ^{[
  
  2
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Bahrain (1970–present) ^{[
  
  3
  
  ]}
Bangladesh -
- Presiden - Shahabuddin Ahmed , Presiden Bangladesh (1996–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Hasina , Perdana Menteri Bangladesh (1996–2001)
Bhutan
- Penguasa monarki - Jigme Singye Wangchuck , (1972–2006)
Brunei
- Penguasa monarki - Hassanal Bolkiah , Sultan Brunei (1967–sekarang) ^{[
  
  4
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - Hassanal Bolkiah , Perdana Menteri Brunei (1984–sekarang)
Kamboja -
- Penguasa monarki - Norodom Sihanouk , Raja Kamboja (1993–2004)
- Perdana Menteris -
  - Pangeran Norodom Ranariddh , First Perdana Menteri Kamboja (1993–1997)
  - Ung Huot , First Perdana Menteri Kamboja (1997–1998)
  - Hun Sen , Second Perdana Menteri Kamboja (1985–sekarang)
China (People's Republic of China) -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis- Jiang Zemin , (1989–2002)
- Presiden - Jiang Zemin , (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Li Peng , (1987–1998)
Hong Kong ( British dependent territory )
- joined China on 1 July 1997
- Gubernur - Chris Patten , Gubernur Hong Kong (1992–1997)
India -
- Presiden -
  1. Shankar Dayal Sharma , Presiden India (1992–1997)
  2. K. R. Narayanan , Presiden India (1997–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. H. D. Deve Gowda , Perdana Menteri India (1996–1997)
  2. Inder Kumar Gujral , Perdana Menteri India (1997–1998)
Indonesia -
- Presiden - Soeharto , Presiden Indonesia (1967–1998)
Iran -
- Supreme Leader - Ali Khamenei , Pemimpin Tertinggi Iran (1989–sekarang)
- Presiden -
  1. Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani , Presiden Iran (1989–1997)
  2. Mohammad Khatami , Presiden Iran (1997–2005)
-
- Presiden - Saddam Hussein , Presiden Irak (1979–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Saddam Hussein , Perdana Menteri Irak (1994–2003)
Israel -
- Presiden - Ezer Weizman , Presiden Israel (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Benjamin Netanyahu , Perdana Menteri Israel (1996–1999)
- Palestinian Authority (otoritas administratif non-negara)
  - Presiden - Yasser Arafat , (1994–2004)
Jepang -
- Penguasa monarki - Akihito , Kaisar Jepang (1989–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Ryutaro Hashimoto , Perdana Menteri Jepang (1996–1998)
Yordania -
- Penguasa monarki - Hussein , Raja Yordania (1952–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–1998)
Kazakhstan -
- Presiden - Nursultan Nazarbayev , Presiden Kazakhstan (1990–sekarang) ^{[
  
  5
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Kazakhstan (1994–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Kazakhstan (1997–1999)
Korea Utara (Democratic People's Republic of Korea)
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Kim Jong-il , Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Pekerja Korea (1997–2011)
- Presiden - , (1994–1998)
- De facto Kepala Negara - Kim Jong-il , (1993–2011) ^{[
  
  6
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Korea Utara (1992–1997)
  2. Hong Song-nam , Perdana Menteri Korea Utara (1997–2003)
Korea Selatan (Republic of Korea) -
- Presiden - Kim Young-sam , Presiden Korea Selatan (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Korea Selatan (1995–1997)
  2. Goh Kun , Perdana Menteri Korea Selatan (1997–1998)
Kuwait -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah , Emir Kuwait (1977–2006) ^{[
  
  7
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Saad Al-Abdullah Al-Salim Al-Sabah , Perdana Menteri Kuwait (1978–2003) ^{[
  
  7
  
  ]}
Kirgizstan -
- Presiden - Askar Akayev , Presiden Kirgizstan (1990–2005) ^{[
  
  8
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Kirgizstan (1993–1998)
Laos -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Khamtai Siphandone , Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Revolusioner Rakyat Lao (1992–2006)
- Presiden - , Presiden Laos (1992–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Khamtai Siphandone , Ketua Dewan Menteri Laos (1991–1998)
Lebanon -
- Presiden - Elias Hrawi , Presiden Lebanon (1989–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - Rafic Hariri , Perdana Menteri Lebanon (1992–1998)
( )
- Gubernur - , (1991–1999)
Malaysia -
- Penguasa monarki - Tuanku Jaafar , Yang di-Pertuan Agong dari Malaysia (1994–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Mahathir Mohamad , Perdana Menteri Malaysia (1981–2003)
Maladewa -
- Presiden - Maumoon Abdul Gayoom , Presiden Maladewa (1978–2008)
Mongolia -
- Presiden -
  1. Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat , Presiden Mongolia (1990–1997)
  2. , Presiden Mongolia (1997–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Mongolia (1996–1998)
Myanmar -
- Kepala Negara - Than Shwe , (1992–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Than Shwe , Perdana Menteri Myanmar (1992–2003)
Nepal -
- Penguasa monarki - Birendra , (1972–2001)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Sher Bahadur Deuba , Perdana Menteri Nepal (1995–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Nepal (1997)
  3. , Perdana Menteri Nepal (1997–1998)
Oman -
- Penguasa monarki - Qaboos bin Said al Said , Sultan Oman (1970–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Qaboos bin Said al Said , (1972–sekarang)
Pakistan -
- Presiden -
  1. Farooq Leghari , Presiden Pakistan (1993–1997)
  2. Wasim Sajjad , Presiden Pakistan sementara (1997–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Malik Meraj Khalid , Interim Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1996–1997)
  2. Nawaz Sharif , Perdana Menteri Pakistan (1997–1999)
Filipina -
- Presiden - Fidel V. Ramos , Presiden Filipina (1992–1998)
Qatar -
- Penguasa monarki - Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani , Emir Qatar (1995–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Qatar (1996–2007)
Arab Saudi
- Penguasa monarki - Fahd , Raja Arab Saudi (1982–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Fahd , Perdana Menteri Arab Saudi (1982–2005)
Singapura -
- Presiden - Ong Teng Cheong , Presiden Singapura (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Goh Chok Tong , Perdana Menteri Singapura (1990–2004)
Sri Lanka -
- Presiden - Chandrika Kumaratunga , Presiden Sri Lanka (1994–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Sirimavo Bandaranaike , Perdana Menteri Sri Lanka (1994–2000)
Suriah -
- Presiden - Hafez al-Assad , Presiden Suriah (1971–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Suriah (1987–2000)
-
- Presiden - Lee Teng-hui , (1988–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Lien Chan , (1993–1997)
  2. Vincent Siew , (1997–2000)
Tajikistan -
- Presiden - Emomali Rahmonov , Presiden Tajikistan (1992–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Tajikistan (1996–1999)
Thailand -
- Penguasa monarki - Bhumibol Adulyadej , (1946–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Chavalit Yongchaiyudh , Perdana Menteri Thailand (1996–1997)
  2. Chuan Leekpai , Perdana Menteri Thailand (1997–2001)
Turki -
- Presiden - Süleyman Demirel , Presiden Turki (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Necmettin Erbakan , Perdana Menteri Turki (1996–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Turki (1997–1999)
Turkmenistan -
- Presiden - Saparmurat Niyazov , Presiden Turkmenistan (1990–2006) ^{[
  
  9
  
  ]}
Uni Emirat Arab -
- Presiden - Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan , Presiden Uni Emirat Arab (1971–2004)
- Perdana Menteri - Sheikh Maktoum bin Rashid Al Maktoum , Perdana Menteri Uni Emirat Arab (1990–2006)
Uzbekistan -
- Presiden - Islam Karimov , Presiden Uzbekistan (1990–sekarang) ^{[
  
  10
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Uzbekistan (1995–2003)
Vietnam -
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis -
  1. Đỗ Mười , Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Vietnam (1991–1997)
  2. Lê Khả Phiêu , Sekretaris Jenderal Partai Komunis Vietnam (1997–2001)
- Presiden -
  1. Lê Đức Anh , Presiden Vietnam (1992–1997)
  2. Trần Đức Lương , Presiden Vietnam (1997–2006)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Võ Văn Kiệt , Perdana Menteri Vietnam (1991–1997)
  2. Phan Văn Khải , Perdana Menteri Vietnam (1997–2006)
Yaman -
- Presiden - Ali Abdullah Saleh , Presiden Yaman (1978–2012) ^{[
  
  11
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Abdul Aziz Abdul Ghani , Perdana Menteri Yaman (1994–1997)
  2. Faraj Said Bin Ghanem , Perdana Menteri Yaman (1997–1998)

Eropa

Albania -
- Presiden -
  1. Sali Berisha , Presiden Albania (1992–1997)
  2. , Presiden Albania sementara (1997)
  3. Rexhep Meidani , Presiden Albania (1997–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Albania (1992–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Albania (1997)
  3. Fatos Nano , Perdana Menteri Albania (1997–1998)
Andorra -
- Penguasa monarki -
  - Pangeran Bersama Prancis - Jacques Chirac , (1995–2007)
    - Perwakilan -
      1. (1993–1997)
      2. (1997–1999)
  - Pangeran Bersama Episkopal - , (1971–2003)
    - Perwakilan - (1993–2012)
- Perdana Menteri - Marc Forné Molné , (1994–2005)
Armenia -
- Presiden - Levon Ter-Petrosyan , Presiden Armenia (1990–1998) ^{[
  
  12
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Armenia (1996–1997)
  2. Robert Kocharyan , Perdana Menteri Armenia (1997–1998)
Austria -
- Presiden - Thomas Klestil , Presiden Federal Austria (1992–2004)
- Kanselir -
  1. Franz Vranitzky , Kanselir Federal Austria (1986–1997)
  2. , Kanselir Federal Austria (1997–2000)
Azerbaijan -
- Presiden - Heydar Aliyev , Presiden Azerbaijan (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Artur Rasizade , Perdana Menteri Azerbaijan (1996–2003)
- (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden -
    1. Robert Kocharyan , Presiden Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1997)
    2. , Presiden Nagorno-Karabakh sementara (1997)
    3. , Presiden Nagorno-Karabakh (1997–2007)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Nagorno-Karabakh (1994–1998)
Belarus -
- Presiden - Alexander Lukashenko , (1994–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1994–1997)
  2. , (1997–2000)
Belgia -
- Penguasa monarki - Albert II , Raja Belgia (1993–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Jean-Luc Dehaene , (1992–1999)
Bosnia dan Herzegovina -
- Kepala Negara - Kepresidenan Bosnia dan Herzegovina
  - Bosniak member - Alija Izetbegović (1996–2000), (1996–1998)
  - Serb member - (1996–1998)
  - Croat member - (1996–1998)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. Haris Silajdžić dan , (1997–1999)
- Perwakilan Tinggi -
  1. Carl Bildt , Perwakilan Tinggi untuk Bosnia dan Herzegovina (1995–1997)
  2. , Perwakilan Tinggi untuk Bosnia dan Herzegovina (1997–1999)
Bulgaria -
- Presiden -
  1. Zhelyu Zhelev , Presiden Bulgaria (1990–1997)
  2. Petar Stoyanov , Presiden Bulgaria (1997–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Bulgaria (1995–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Bulgaria sementara (1997)
  3. , Perdana Menteri Bulgaria (1997–2001)
Kroasia -
- Presiden - Franjo Tuđman , Presiden Kroasia (1990–1999) ^{[
  
  13
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - , Presiden Pemerintahan Kroasia (1995–2000)
Siprus -
- Presiden - , Presiden Siprus (1993–2003)
- Siprus Utara (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - Rauf Denktaş , Presiden Siprus Utara (1975–2005)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Siprus Utara (1996–2004)
Republik Ceko -
- Presiden - Václav Havel , (1993–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Václav Klaus , Perdana Menteri Republik Ceko (1992–1997) ^{[
    
    14
    
    ]}
  2. , Perdana Menteri Republik Ceko (1997–1998)
Denmark
- Penguasa monarki - Margrethe II , Ratu Denmark (1972–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Poul Nyrup Rasmussen , (1993–2001)
Estonia -
- Presiden - Lennart Meri , Presiden Estonia (1992–2001)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Estonia (1995–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Estonia (1997–1999)
Finlandia
- Presiden - Martti Ahtisaari , Presiden Finlandia , (1994–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Paavo Lipponen , Perdana Menteri Finlandia , (1995–2003)
Prancis -
- Presiden - Jacques Chirac , (1995–2007)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Alain Juppé , Perdana Menteri Prancis (1995–1997)
  2. Lionel Jospin , Perdana Menteri Prancis (1997–2002)
Georgia -
- Presiden - Eduard Shevardnadze , Presiden Georgia (1992–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - , Menteri Negara Georgia (1995–1998)
- Abkhazia (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - Vladislav Ardzinba , (1990–2005) ^{[
    
    15
    
    ]}
  - Perdana Menteri -
    1. , (1995–1997)
    2. Sergei Bagapsh , (1997–1999)
- Ossetia Selatan (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - , Presiden Ossetia Selatan (1993–2001)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Ossetia Selatan (1996–1998)
Jerman -
- Presiden - Roman Herzog , Presiden Federal Jerman (1994–1999)
- Kanselir - Helmut Kohl , Kanselir Federal Jerman (1982–1998) ^{[
  
  16
  
  ]}
Yunani -
- Presiden- Konstantinos Stephanopoulos , Presiden Yunani (1995–2005)
- Perdana Menteri - Costas Simitis , Perdana Menteri Yunani (1996–2004)
Hungaria -
- Presiden - Árpád Göncz , (1990–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Gyula Horn , Perdana Menteri Hungaria (1994–1998)
Tanah Es -
- Presiden - Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson , (1996–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1991–2004)
-
- Presiden -
  1. Mary Robinson , Presiden Irlandia (1990–1997)
  2. , Presiden Irlandia sementara (1997)
  3. Mary McAleese , Presiden Irlandia (1997–2011)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. John Bruton , Taoiseach dari Irlandia (1994–1997)
  2. Bertie Ahern , Taoiseach dari Irlandia (1997–2008)
Italia -
- Presiden - Oscar Luigi Scalfaro , (1992–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Romano Prodi , (1996–1998)
Latvia -
- Presiden - Guntis Ulmanis , Presiden Latvia (1993–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Latvia (1995–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Latvia (1997–1998)
Liechtenstein -
- Penguasa monarki - Hans-Adam II , (1989–present)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1993–2001)
Lithuania -
- Presiden - Algirdas Brazauskas , (1992–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Lithuania (1996–1999)
Luksemburg -
- Penguasa monarki - Jean , Adipati Agung Luksemburg (1964–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Jean-Claude Juncker , (1995–present)
Makedonia -
- Presiden - Kiro Gligorov , Presiden Makedonia (1995–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Branko Crvenkovski , Perdana Menteri Makedonia (1992–1998)
Malta -
- Presiden - Ugo Mifsud Bonnici , Presiden Malta (1994–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Malta (1996–1998)
Moldova -
- Presiden -
  1. Mircea Snegur , Presiden Moldova (1989–1997) ^{[
    
    17
    
    ]}
  2. Petru Lucinschi , Presiden Moldova (1997–2001)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Moldova (1992–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Moldova (1997–1999)
- Transnistria (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - Igor Smirnov , Presiden Transnistria (1990–2011) ^{[
    
    18
    
    ]}
Monako -
- Penguasa monarki - Rainier III , Pangeran Monako (1949–2005)
- Kepala Pemerintahan -
  1. , Menteri Negara Monako (1994–1997)
  2. , Menteri Negara Monako (1997–2000)
Kerajaan Belanda
- Penguasa monarki - Beatrix , Ratu Belanda (1980–sekarang)
- Belanda ( negara konstituen )
  - Perdana Menteri - Wim Kok , (1994–2002)
- Belanda Antilles ( negara konstituen )
  - see under North America
- Aruba ( negara konstituen )
  - see under North America
Norwegia -
- Penguasa monarki - Harald V , Raja Norwegia (1991–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Thorbjørn Jagland , (1996–1997)
  2. Kjell Magne Bondevik , (1997–2000)
Polandia -
- Presiden - Aleksander Kwaśniewski , (1995–2005)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Włodzimierz Cimoszewicz , (1996–1997)
  2. Jerzy Buzek , (1997–2001)
Portugal -
- Presiden - Jorge Sampaio , Presiden Portugal (1996–2006)
- Perdana Menteri - António Guterres , Perdana Menteri Portugal (1995–2002)
Romania -
- Presiden - Emil Constantinescu , (1996–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Romania (1996–1998)
Rusia -
- Presiden - Boris Yeltsin , Presiden Rusia (1990–1999) ^{[
  
  19
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - Viktor Chernomyrdin , Ketua Pemerintahan Rusia (1992–1998)
- (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden -
    1. Zelimkhan Yandarbiyev , Presiden Ichkeria (1996–1997)
    2. Aslan Maskhadov , Presiden Ichkeria (1997–2005) ^{[
      
      20
      
      ]}
  - Perdana Menteri - Aslan Maskhadov , Perdana Menteri Ichkeria (1996–1997)
San Marino -
- Wali-Kapten -
  1. Maurizio Rattini dan , (October 1996 - April 1997)
  2. Paride Andreoli dan Pier Marino Mularoni , (April - October 1997)
  3. Luigi Mazza dan Marino Zanotti , (October 1997 - April 1998)
Slowakia -
- Presiden - Michal Kováč , Presiden Slowakia (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Slowakia (1994–1998)
Slovenia -
- Presiden - Milan Kučan , Presiden Slovenia (1990–2002) ^{[
  
  21
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - Janez Drnovšek , Perdana Menteri Slovenia (1992–2000)
Spanyol -
- Penguasa monarki - Juan Carlos I , Raja Spanyol (1975–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - José María Aznar , Presiden Pemerintahan Spanyol (1996–2004)
Swedia -
- Penguasa monarki - Carl XVI Gustaf , Raja Swedia (1973–present)
- Perdana Menteri - Göran Persson , Perdana Menteri Swedia (1996–2006)
Swiss -
- : ^{[
  
  22
  
  ]}
  
  (1983–1998), Arnold Koller (1986–1999, Presiden ), Flavio Cotti (1986–1999), Adolf Ogi (1987–2000), Kaspar Villiger (1989–2003), Ruth Dreifuss (1993–2002), Moritz Leuenberger (1995–2010)
Ukraina -
- Presiden - Leonid Kuchma , Presiden Ukraina (1994–2005)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Pavlo Lazarenko , Perdana Menteri Ukraina (1996–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Ukraina sementara (1997)
  3. , Perdana Menteri Ukraina (1997–1999)
Britania Raya -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1952–present)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. John Major , Perdana Menteri Britania Raya (1990–1997)
  2. Tony Blair , Perdana Menteri Britania Raya (1997–2007)
- Guernsey ( Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
  - Gubernur-Letnan - , (1994–2000)
  - Bailiff - , (1992–1999)
- Jersey ( Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
  - Gubernur-Letnan - , (1995–2001)
  - Bailiff - , (1995–2009)
- Pulau Man ( Dependensi mahkota Britania]])
  - Gubernur-Letnan - , (1995–2000)
  - Chief minister - , (1996–2001)
- Gibraltar ( British dependent territory )
  - Gubernur -
    1. , Gubernur Gibraltar (1995–1997)
    2. , Gubernur Gibraltar (1997–2000)
  - Menteri Utama - Peter Caruana , (1996–2011)
Kota Vatikan
- Penguasa monarki - Paus John Paul II , Pemimpin Kota Vatikan (1978–2005)
- Presiden Kegubernuran -
  1. Rosalio Lara , (1990–1997)
  2. Edmund Szoka , (1997–2006)
- Takhta Suci
  - Sekretaris Negara - Angelo Sodano , Kardinal Sekretaris Negara (1990–2006)
Yugoslavia -
- Presiden -
  1. Zoran Lilić , Presiden Yugoslavia (1993–1997)
  2. , Presiden Yugoslavia sementara (1997)
  3. Slobodan Milošević , Presiden Yugoslavia (1997–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1993–1998)
- (negara pecahan yang tidak diakui)
  - Presiden - Ibrahim Rugova , Presiden Republic of Kosova (1992–2000)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Republic of Kosova (1991–2000)

Amerika Utara

Anguilla ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1996–2000)
- Menteri Utama - , (1994–2000)
Antigua dan Barbuda -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1981–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir James Carlisle , (1993–2007)
- Perdana Menteri - Lester Bird , Perdana Menteri Antigua dan Barbuda (1994–2004)
Aruba ( negara konstituen )
- Gubernur - , Gubernur Aruba (1992–2004)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1994–2001)
Bahama -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1973–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1995–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Hubert Ingraham , (1992–2002)
Barbados -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1966–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Clifford Husbands , (1996–2011)
- Perdana Menteri - Owen Arthur , Perdana Menteri Barbados (1994–2008)
Belize -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1981–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Colville Young , (1993–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri - Manuel Esquivel , Perdana Menteri Belize (1993–1998)
Bermuda ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur -
  1. , Gubernur Bermuda (1992–1997)
  2. , Gubernur Bermuda (1997–2002)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1995–1997)
  2. , (1997–1998)
Kepulauan Virgin Britania ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1995–1998)
- Menteri Utama - , (1995–2003)
Kanada -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1995–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - Jean Chrétien , Perdana Menteri Kanada (1993–2003)
Kepulauan Cayman ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1995–1999)
- Kepala Pemerintahan - , (1994–2000)
Kosta Rika -
- Presiden - , Presiden Kosta Rika (1994–1998)
Kuba
- Pemimpin Partai Komunis - Fidel Castro , First secretary of Partai Komunis Kuba (1965–2011)
- Presiden - Fidel Castro , Presiden Dewan Negara Kuba (1976–2008)
- Perdana Menteri - Fidel Castro , Presiden Dewan Menteri Kuba (1959–2008)
Dominika -
- Presiden - , Presiden Dominika (1993–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Dominika (1995–2000)
Republik Dominika -
- Presiden - Leonel Fernández , Presiden Republik Dominika (1996–2000)
El Salvador -
- Presiden - Armando Calderón Sol , Presiden El Salvador (1994–1999)
Grenada -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1974–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1996–2008)
- Perdana Menteri - Keith Mitchell , Perdana Menteri Grenada (1995–2008)
Guatemala -
- Presiden - Álvaro Arzú , Presiden Guatemala (1996–2000)
Haiti -
- Presiden - René Préval , (1996–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - Rosny Smarth , (1996–1997)
Honduras -
- Presiden - Carlos Roberto Reina , Presiden Honduras (1994–1998)
Jamaika -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1962–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1991–2006)
- Perdana Menteri - P. J. Patterson , Perdana Menteri Jamaika (1992–2006)
Meksiko -
- Presiden - Ernesto Zedillo , Presiden Meksiko (1994–2000)
Montserrat ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur -
  1. , (1993–1997)
  2. , (1997–2001)
- Menteri Utama -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–2001)
Belanda Antilles ( negara konstituen )
- Gubernur - , (1990–2002)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1994–1998)
Nikaragua -
- Presiden -
  1. Violeta Chamorro , Presiden Nikaragua (1990–1997)
  2. Arnoldo Alemán , Presiden Nikaragua (1997–2002)
Panama -
- Presiden - , (1994–1999)
Saint Kitts dan Nevis -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1983–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - Sir Cuthbert Sebastian , Gubernur-Jenderal Saint Kitts dan Nevis (1996–2013)
- Perdana Menteri - Denzil Douglas , Perdana Menteri Saint Kitts dan Nevis (1995–sekarang)
Saint Lucia -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1979–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal -
  1. Sir George Mallet , (1996–1997)
  2. Pearlette Louisy , (1997–sekarang)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Vaughan Lewis , Perdana Menteri Saint Lucia (1996–1997)
  2. Kenny Anthony , Perdana Menteri Saint Lucia (1997–2006)
Saint Pierre dan Miquelon ( of Prancis)
- Prefek -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–1999)
- Presiden Dewan Jenderal - , (1996–2000)
Saint Vincent dan Grenadines -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1979–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1996–2002)
- Perdana Menteri - Sir James Fitz-Allen Mitchell , Perdana Menteri Saint Vincent dan Grenadines (1984–2000)
Trinidad dan Tobago -
- Presiden -
  1. Noor Hassanali , Presiden Trinidad dan Tobago (1987–1997)
  2. , Presiden Trinidad dan Tobago (1997–2003)
- Perdana Menteri - Basdeo Panday , Perdana Menteri Trinidad dan Tobago (1995–2001)
Kepulauan Turks dan Caicos ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1996–2000)
- Menteri Utama - , (1995–2003)
Amerika Serikat -
- Presiden - Bill Clinton , Presiden Amerika Serikat (1993–2001)
- Puerto Riko ( Persemakmuran Amerika Serikat)
  - Gubernur - , Gubernur Puerto Riko (1993–2001)
- Kepulauan Virgin Amerika Serikat ( Daerah insuler Amerika Serikat)
  - Gubernur - , Gubernur US Virgin Islands (1995–1999)

Oseania

Samoa Amerika ( wilayah Amerika Serikat )
- Gubernur -
  1. , (1993–1997)
  2. , (1997–2003)
Australia -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , Gubernur-Jenderal Australia (1996–2001)
- Perdana Menteri - John Howard , Perdana Menteri Australia (1996–2007)
- Pulau Natal (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. , Acting Administrator Pulau Natal (1996-1997)
    2. , Acting Administrator Pulau Natal (1997)
    3. , Administrator Pulau Natal (1997-1998)
  - Shire Presiden - , Acting Presiden Shire Pulau Natal (1995–1997)
- Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (external territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. , Acting Administrator Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (1996-1997)
    2. , Acting Administrator Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (1997)
    3. , Administrator Kepulauan Cocos (Keeling) (1997-1998)
  - Shire Presiden - , (1995-1999)
- Norfolk Island (self-governing territory of Australia)
  - Administrator -
    1. , (1992–1997)
    2. , (1997)
    3. , (1997–2003)
  - Menteri Utama -
    1. , (1994–1997)
    2. , (1997–2000)
Fiji -
- Presiden - , Presiden Fiji (1993–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - Sitiveni Rabuka , Perdana Menteri Fiji (1992–1999)
Polinesia Prancis ( )
- Komisaris Tinggi -
  1. , (1994–1997)
  2. , (1997)
  3. , (1997–2001)
- Presiden Pemerintahan - , (1991–2004)
Guam ( Daerah insuler Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur - , (1995–2003)
Kiribati -
- Presiden - , Presiden Kiribati (1994–2003)
Kepulauan Marshall -
- Presiden -
  1. Kunio Lemari , Presiden Kepulauan Marshall sementara (1996–1997)
  2. Imata Kabua , Presiden Kepulauan Marshall (1997–2000)
Mikronesia -
- Presiden -
  1. Bailey Olter , (1991–1997)
  2. Jacob Nena , (1997–1999)
Nauru -
- Presiden -
  1. , Presiden Nauru (1996–1997)
  2. , Presiden Nauru (1997–1998)
Kaledonia Baru ( )
- Komisaris Tinggi - , (1995–1999)
Selandia Baru -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1952–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1996–2001)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru , (1990–1997)
  2. Jenny Shipley , Perdana Menteri Selandia Baru , (1997–1999)
- Kepulauan Cook ( negara asosiasi Selandia Baru)
  - Perwakilan Ratu - , (1990–2000)
  - Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Kepulauan Cook (1989–1999)
- Niue ( negara asosiasi Selandia Baru)
  - Perdana Menteri - , (1993–1999)
- Tokelau ( wilayah dependensi Selandia Baru)
  - Administrator - , (1993–2003)
  - Kepala Pemerintahan -
    1. , (1996–1997)
    2. , (1997–1998)
Kepulauan Mariana Utara ( Persemakmuran Amerika Serikat)
- Gubernur - , (1994–1998)
Palau -
- Presiden - Kuniwo Nakamura , Presiden Palau (1993–2001) ^{[
  
  23
  
  ]}
Papua Nugini
- Penguasa monarki - , (1975–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal -
  1. Sir Wiwa Korowi , Gubernur-Jenderal Papua Nugini (1991–1997)
  2. Silas Atopare , Gubernur-Jenderal Papua Nugini (1997–2003)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Sir Julius Chan , Perdana Menteri Papua Nugini (1994–1997)
  2. , Perdana Menteri Papua Nugini sementara (1997)
  3. Sir Julius Chan , Perdana Menteri Papua Nugini (1997)
  4. Bill Skate , Perdana Menteri Papua Nugini (1997–1999)
Kepulauan Pitcairn ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1994–1998)
- Wali kota - , (1991–1999)
Samoa
- changed name to Samoa on 4 July 1997
- Kepala Negara - Malietoa Tanumafili II , O le Ao o le Malo dari Samoa (1962–2007)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Samoa (1988–1998)
Kepulauan Salomo -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1978–sekarang)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1994–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. , (1994–1997)
  2. , (1997–2000)
Tonga -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1965–2006) ^{[
  
  24
  
  ]}
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Tonga , (1991–2000)
Tuvalu -
- Penguasa monarki - , (1978–present)
- Gubernur-Jenderal - , (1994–1998)
- Perdana Menteri - , Perdana Menteri Tuvalu (1996–1999)
Vanuatu -
- Presiden - Jean Marie Leye Lenelgau , Presiden Vanuatu (1994–1999)
- Perdana Menteri - , (1996–1998)
Wallis dan Futuna ( )
- Administrator-Superior - , (1996–1998)
- Presiden Dewan Wilayah -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997–1999)
- see under Samoa

Amerika Selatan

Argentina -
- Presiden - Carlos Menem , Presiden Argentina (1989–1999)
Bolivia -
- Presiden -
  1. Gonzalo Sánchez de Lozada , Presiden Bolivia (1993–1997)
  2. Hugo Banzer , Presiden Bolivia (1997–2001)
Brasil -
- Presiden - Fernando Henrique Cardoso , Presiden Brasil (1995–2003)
Chili -
- Presiden - Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle , Presiden Chili (1994–2000)
Kolombia -
- Presiden - Ernesto Samper , Presiden Kolombia (1994–1998)
Ekuador -
- Presiden -
  1. , (1996–1997)
  2. , (1997)
  3. , (1997)
  4. , (1997–1998)
Kepulauan Falkland ( British dependent territory )
- Gubernur - , (1996–1999)
- Eksekutif Utama - , (1994–1999)
Guyana -
- Presiden -
  1. Cheddi Jagan , Presiden Guyana (1992–1997)
  2. Sam Hinds , Presiden Guyana (1997)
  3. Janet Jagan , Presiden Guyana (1997–1999)
- Perdana Menteri -
  1. Sam Hinds , Perdana Menteri Guyana (1992–1997)
  2. Janet Jagan , Perdana Menteri Guyana (1997)
  3. Sam Hinds , Perdana Menteri Guyana (1997–1999)
Paraguay -
- Presiden - , Presiden Paraguay (1993–1998)
Peru -
- Presiden - Alberto Fujimori , Presiden Peru (1990–2000)
- Perdana Menteri - , Presiden Dewan Menteri Peru (1996–1998)
Suriname -
- Presiden - Jules Wijdenbosch , Presiden Suriname (1996–2000)
Uruguay -
- Presiden - Julio María Sanguinetti , Presiden Uruguay (1995–2000)
Venezuela -
- Presiden - Rafael Caldera , Presiden Venezuela (1994–1999)

Catatan kaki

^ Eritrea only became independent in 1993.
^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.
^ Bahrain only became independent in 1971.
^ Brunei only became independent in 1984.
^ Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.
^ The position of Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the that came into effect on September 5, 1998.
^ ^a ^b In exile between 1990 dan 1991.
^ Kirgizstan only became independent in 1991.
^ Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.
^ Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.
^ Ali Abdullah Saleh was until 1990.
^ Armenia only became independent in 1991.
^ Kroasia only became independent in 1991.
^ The Republik Ceko only became independent in 1993.
^ Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.
^ Helmut Kohl was Kanselir until 1990.
^ Moldova only became independent in 1991.
^ Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.
^ Rusia only became independent in 1991.
^ The capital was retaken by Rusia in 2000 dan Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards.
^ Slovenia only became independent in 1991.
^ The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state dan the government of Swiss. Within the Council, the Presiden Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.
^ Palau only became independent in 1994.
^ Tonga only became independent in 1970.

Referensi

[1] Eritrea only became independent in 1993.

[2] Bahrain only became independent in 1971, until then the monarch was titled Hakim of Bahrain.

[3] Bahrain only became independent in 1971.

[4] Brunei only became independent in 1984.

[5] Kazakhstan only became independent in 1991.

[6] The position of Chairman was only declared to be the "highest office of state" by the that came into effect on September 5, 1998.

[In_exile_between_1990_dan_1991-7] In exile between 1990 dan 1991.

[8] Kirgizstan only became independent in 1991.

[9] Turkmenistan only became independent in 1991.

[10] Uzbekistan only became independent in 1991.

[11] Ali Abdullah Saleh was until 1990.

[12] Armenia only became independent in 1991.

[13] Kroasia only became independent in 1991.

[14] The Republik Ceko only became independent in 1993.

[15] Abkhazia only declared independence on 23 July 1992.

[16] Helmut Kohl was Kanselir until 1990.

[17] Moldova only became independent in 1991.

[18] Transnistria only declared independence in 1991.

[19] Rusia only became independent in 1991.

[20] The capital was retaken by Rusia in 2000 dan Maskhadov was in hiding afterwards.

[21] Slovenia only became independent in 1991.

[22] The seven member Swiss Federal Council is the collective head of state dan the government of Swiss. Within the Council, the Presiden Swiss Confederation serves solely in a primus inter pares capacity for one year.

[23] Palau only became independent in 1994.

[24] Tonga only became independent in 1970.

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Ensiklopedia

Afrika

Asia

Eropa

Amerika Utara

Oseania

Amerika Selatan

Catatan kaki

Referensi

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