Ensiklopedia

Václav Havel
Václav Havel
	Václav Havel berbicara di upacara pembukaan Pertemuan Tahunan IMF / Bank Dunia , Praha , 26 September 2000 .
Presiden Ceko pertama
	Masa jabatan ; 2 Februari 1993 – 2 Februari 2003
	Pendahulu ; Tidak ada Pengganti ; Václav Klaus
Informasi pribadi
Lahir	5 Oktober 1936 ; Praha , Cekoslovakia
Meninggal	18 Desember 2011 (umur 75) ; , Republik Ceko
Partai politik
Suami/istri	,
Profesi	Politikus , Penulis
	Penghargaan (2013) honorary citizen of Budapest (en) ; (2012) Eugen Kogon Award (en) ; (Oktober 2011) St. George's Order of Victory (en) ; (2010) Franz Kafka Prize (en) ; (2009) Quadriga ; (2009) 1st of June Award (en) ; (2009) honorary doctorate from Sciences Po (en) ; (2008) Giuseppe Motta Medal (en) ; (2008) Jaroslav Seifert Prize (en) ; (2008) Point Alpha Prize (en) ; (2008) Karel Čapek Prize (en) ; (2007) Honorary doctor of the University of Liège (en) ; (Oktober 2006) Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 3rd class (en) ; (2006) Bridge Prize of the City of Regensburg (en) ; (November 2005) Austrian Decoration for Science and Art (en) ; (2005) Monismanien Prize (en) ; (November 2004) Order of Brilliant Star (en) ; (2004) Penghargaan Cahaya Kebenaran ; (Oktober 2003) Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1st class (en) ; (Oktober 2003) Collar of the Order of the White Lion (en) ; (Agustus 2003) Gandhi Peace Prize (en) ; (Juli 2003) Presidential Medal of Freedom ; (8 Mei 2003) Companion of the Order of Canada (en) ; (29 Januari 2003) Grand Cross of the Order of the White Double Cross‎ (en) ; (2003) Deutscher Nationalpreis (mul) ; (2003) Freedom Award (en) ; (2003) Ambassador of Conscience Award (en) ; (27 Maret 2002) Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana (mul) ; (September 2001) Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil) (en) ; (Februari 2001) Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres‎ (en) ; (2001) Lagun Onari (en) ; (Oktober 2000) Order of State of Republic of Turkey (en) ; (Mei 2000) Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (en) ; (2000) German citizenship price (en) ; (September 1999) Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great (en) ; (September 1997) Order of al-Hussein bin Ali (en) ; (1997) Prix mondial Cino Del Duca ; (1997) J. William Fulbright Prize (en) ; (1997) Princess of Asturias Award for Communications and Humanities (en) ; (September 1996) Order of the Liberator General San Martín (en) ; (September 1996) Order of Rio Branco (en) ; (September 1996) Order of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay (en) ; (30 Mei 1996) Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana (en) ; (Maret 1996) Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath (en) ; (1996) Planetary Consciousness Prize (en) ; (Juli 1995, 1995) Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic‎ (en) ; (1995) honorary doctorate of the Masaryk University (en) ; (1995) Geuzenpenning (en) ; (1995) honorary doctor of Victoria University of Wellington (en) ; (1995) Catalonia International Prize (en) ; (1994) Liberty Medal ; (November 1993) Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia (en) ; (Oktober 1993) Ordo Elang Putih (Polandia) ; (1993) Theodor Heuss Award (en) ; (1993) Penghargaan Indira Gandhi ; (3 Juni 1992) honorary doctor of the Sorbonne Nouvelle University (en) ; (8 Agustus 1991) doctor honoris causa from the Paris-Sorbonne University (en) ; (9 Mei 1991) Charlemagne Prize (en) ; (1991) honorary doctor of the Université libre de Bruxelles (en) ; (1991) Sonning Prize (en) ; (31 Oktober 1990) honorary doctor of Comenius University (en) ; (Oktober 1990) Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross (en) ; (6 Mei 1990) honorary citizen of Plzeň (en) ; (Maret 1990) Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour (en) ; (1990) International Simón Bolívar Prize (en) ; (1990) honorary doctorate of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (en) ; (1990) Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize (en) ; (1990) Four Freedoms Award – Freedom Medal (en) ; (15 Oktober 1989) Peace Prize of the German Publishers' and Booksellers' Association (en) ; (1989) Olof Palme Prize (en) ; (1986) Hadiah Erasmus ; (14 Mei 1984) honorary doctor of the University of Toulouse-II (en) ; (1968) Austrian State Prize for European Literature (en) ; Evelyn F. Burkey Award (en) ; Order Ecce Homo (en) ; Orde Krisantemum ; participant in the resistance and resistance against communism (en) ; Concordia Prize (en) ; Penghargaan Putri Asturias ; honorary doctor of the Dresden University of Technology (en) ; Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty (en) ; Saint George medal (en) ; Orde Bintang Yordania ; honorary doctorate of Haifa University (en) ; honorary doctor of the University of Warsaw (en) ; honorary doctor of the Bar-Ilan University (en) ; honorary doctor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem (en) ; Čestná medaile T. G. Masaryka (en) ; Delta Prize for Global Understanding (en) ; honorary doctor of the University of Padua (en) ; honorary citizen of Prague (en) ; Democracy Service Medal (en) ; Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature (en) ; Liberty Medal ; Order of the Three Stars, 1st Class (en) ;
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Václav Havel , , CC , ( IPA : [ˈvaːʦlaf ˈɦavɛl] ) (5 Oktober 1936 – 18 Desember 2011) adalah penulis , politikus , dan dramawan . Ia juga adalah Presiden Cekoslovakia (1989-1992) yang ke-10 dan Presiden Republik Ceko yang pertama (1993-2003).

Karier politik

Havel adalah pendiri , organisasi anti- komunisme di Cekoslowakia . Setelah Revolusi Beludru , yang menandai jatuhnya komunisme di Cekoslowakia pada 1989 , ia menjadi pemimpin partai demokrasi . Pada 1989 ia menjadi Presiden Cekoslowakia berikutnya dan pada 1993 menjadi Presiden Ceko yang pertama – sebuah jabatan yang dipegangnya hingga 2003 saat beralih ke tangan Vaclav Klaus . ^{[

butuh rujukan

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Kepenulisan

Naskah drama

Havel adalah seorang penulis naskah untuk drama sejak tahun 1963 . Naskah drama pertamanya berjudul Zahradní Slavnost ( The Garden Party ; Pesta Kebun) yang segera disusul dengan Vyrozumění ( The Memo ; katabelece) pada 1965 , yang merupakan karya paling terkenal. Tema sentral dalam karya-karyanya adalah pengasingan sosial. Kepengarangannya penuh dengan kritik terhadap sistem komunis yang totaliter, akibatnya ia dipaksa keluar dari dunia teater sehingga ia memulai karier politiknya. ^{[

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Sastra klasik

Setelah menjadi penulis naskah, Havel juga mulai menulis puisi dan esai. ^{[

butuh rujukan

]} Václav Havel menulis karya sastra klasik secara rahasia pada dasawarsa 1970-an hingga dasawarsa 1980-an. Ia menerbitkan karya sastranya secara samizdat . Karya-karya ini menjelaskan tentang perilaku manusia yang mengalami penindasan yang kejam. Kondisi dalam karya-karyanya merupakan penjelasan mengenai kondisi Ceko dalam rezim totaliterisme yang berlaku di Eropa Timur . Selain itu, Václav Havel dalam karya-karyanya menyatakan bahwa Eropa Barat juga tidak terlepas dari kemungkinan mengalami totaliterisme seperti di Eropa Timur. ^{[

1

]}

Referensi

^ Sommer, Mark (Januari 1994). Hidup dalam Kebebasan [ Living in Freedom: The Exhilaration and Anguish of Prague's Second Spring ]. Diterjemahkan oleh Maran, Canisyus. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. hlm. 8– 9. ISBN 979-461-150-6 . Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL ( link )

Bibliografi

Vaclav Havel by Eda Kriseová, St Martin's Press 1993 ISBN 0-312-10317-4
Acts of Courage by Carol Rocamora, Smith and Kraus 2004 ISBN 1-57525-344-5
Vaclav Havel: A Political Tragedy in Six Acts by John Keane, Basic Books 2000, ISBN 0-465-03719-4 (sample chapter [1] Diarsipkan 2006-07-18 di Wayback Machine .)
Interpreting Václav Havel by Walter H. Capp, a Cross Currents study [2] Diarsipkan 2007-07-03 di Wayback Machine .
Vaclav Havel: Civic Responsibility in the Postmodern Age, by James F. Pontuso, Rowman & Littlefield 2004, ISBN 0-7425-2256-3 [3] Diarsipkan 2007-05-06 di Wayback Machine .

Didahului oleh: Tidak ada	Presiden Cekoslowakia 29 Desember 1989 – 20 Juli 1992	Diteruskan oleh: Gustáv Husák
Didahului oleh: Tidak ada	Presiden Ceko 2 Februari 1993 – 2 Februari 2003	Diteruskan oleh: Václav Klaus

Pranala luar

Václav Havel – Official website (English version)
Václav Havel Diarsipkan 2007-06-08 di Wayback Machine . – czech.cz
livingthetruth.com Diarsipkan 2019-01-21 di Wayback Machine . – "Information relating to the work and philosophies of Václav Havel "appreciation site" ( )
Havel and Prague
Havel Festival Diarsipkan 2015-01-08 di Wayback Machine . - a New York festival of all of Havel's works, held in 2006. The web site also includes descriptions of all of Havel's plays.
Havel at Columbia - website produced for seven-week residency of Havel at Columbia University in the fall 2006
"Citizen Havel" - "short video clip on Havel"

Works, Wawancara

Václav Havel's Project Syndicate op/eds
"Excerpts" from The Power of the Powerless
Slavoj Zizek's essay on Vaclav Havel, published in London Review of Books Diarsipkan 2009-04-15 di Wayback Machine .
Capitalism with a human face? (Vaclav Havel's philosophy and musings)
A speech arguing for the need for transcendent values in political life.
Interview transcript Diarsipkan 2007-09-29 di Wayback Machine . at PBS

Biografi, profil, bibliografi

Biography of Václav Havel hosted by .
"Celebrating the Life and Art of Václav Havel" Diarsipkan 2006-11-16 di Wayback Machine . Biography and "timeline" – The Havel Festival: Václav Havel , Untitled Theater Company ( untitledtheater.com ), in conjunction with the residency of Havel at Columbia.
Havel at Columbia :
- "Havel at Columbia: Václav Havel: The Artist, The Citizen, The Residency" : includes biographies and timelines; interviews; profiles; bibliography
- "Havel at Columbia: Bibliography: Human Rights Archive
"Havel, His Memories and the World" , International Herald Tribune 2004 . Accessed 29 April , 2007 .
Hero Berkas: Václav Havel Diarsipkan 2008-09-07 di Wayback Machine . at MoreorLess.au.com (biography and chronology).
United States "Presidential Medal of Freedom Recipient Vaclav Havel .
"Václav Havel Ambassador of Conscience 2003: From Prisoner to President – A Tribute" Diarsipkan 2006-06-21 di Archive.is , at Amnesty International .
"Václav Havel: Heir to a Spiritual Legacy" Diarsipkan 2005-08-27 di Wayback Machine ., online posting, religion-online.org .
Václav Havel's Order of Canada Citation Diarsipkan 2005-12-10 di Wayback Machine ..
"Velvet President" , (Mei 2003).

[1] Sommer, Mark (Januari 1994). Hidup dalam Kebebasan [ Living in Freedom: The Exhilaration and Anguish of Prague's Second Spring ]. Diterjemahkan oleh Maran, Canisyus. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia. hlm. 8– 9. ISBN 979-461-150-6 . Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL ( link )

[ 1 ]

Václav Havel
Václav Havel berbicara di upacara pembukaan Pertemuan Tahunan IMF / Bank Dunia , Praha , 26 September 2000 .

Presiden Ceko pertama
Masa jabatan 2 Februari 1993 – 2 Februari 2003
Pendahulu Tidak ada Pengganti Václav Klaus

Informasi pribadi
Lahir	5 Oktober 1936 Praha , Cekoslovakia
Meninggal	18 Desember 2011 (2011-12-18) (umur 75) , Republik Ceko
Partai politik
Suami/istri	,
Profesi	Politikus , Penulis
Penghargaan (2013) honorary citizen of Budapest ^(en) (2012) Eugen Kogon Award ^(en) (Oktober 2011) St. George's Order of Victory ^(en) (2010) Franz Kafka Prize ^(en) (2009) Quadriga (2009) 1st of June Award ^(en) (2009) honorary doctorate from Sciences Po ^(en) (2008) Giuseppe Motta Medal ^(en) (2008) Jaroslav Seifert Prize ^(en) (2008) Point Alpha Prize ^(en) (2008) Karel Čapek Prize ^(en) (2007) Honorary doctor of the University of Liège ^(en) (Oktober 2006) Order of Prince Yaroslav the Wise, 3rd class ^(en) (2006) Bridge Prize of the City of Regensburg ^(en) (November 2005) Austrian Decoration for Science and Art ^(en) (2005) Monismanien Prize ^(en) (November 2004) Order of Brilliant Star ^(en) (2004) Penghargaan Cahaya Kebenaran (Oktober 2003) Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk, 1st class ^(en) (Oktober 2003) Collar of the Order of the White Lion ^(en) (Agustus 2003) Gandhi Peace Prize ^(en) (Juli 2003) Presidential Medal of Freedom (8 Mei 2003) Companion of the Order of Canada ^(en) (29 Januari 2003) Grand Cross of the Order of the White Double Cross‎ ^(en) (2003) Deutscher Nationalpreis ^(mul) (2003) Freedom Award ^(en) (2003) Ambassador of Conscience Award ^(en) (27 Maret 2002) Cavaliere di Gran Croce Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana ^(mul) (September 2001) Grand Cross with Chain of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Hungary (civil) ^(en) (Februari 2001) Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres‎ ^(en) (2001) Lagun Onari ^(en) (Oktober 2000) Order of State of Republic of Turkey ^(en) (Mei 2000) Grand Cross Special Class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany ^(en) (2000) German citizenship price ^(en) (September 1999) Grand Cross of the Order of Vytautas the Great ^(en) (September 1997) Order of al-Hussein bin Ali ^(en) (1997) Prix mondial Cino Del Duca (1997) J. William Fulbright Prize ^(en) (1997) Princess of Asturias Award for Communications and Humanities ^(en) (September 1996) Order of the Liberator General San Martín ^(en) (September 1996) Order of Rio Branco ^(en) (September 1996) Order of the Oriental Republic of Uruguay ^(en) (30 Mei 1996) Collar of the Order of the Cross of Terra Mariana ^(en) (Maret 1996) Grand Cross of the Order of the Bath ^(en) (1996) Planetary Consciousness Prize ^(en) (Juli 1995, 1995) Collar of the Order of Isabella the Catholic‎ ^(en) (1995) honorary doctorate of the Masaryk University ^(en) (1995) Geuzenpenning ^(en) (1995) honorary doctor of Victoria University of Wellington ^(en) (1995) Catalonia International Prize ^(en) (1994) Liberty Medal (November 1993) Order of Freedom of the Republic of Slovenia ^(en) (Oktober 1993) Ordo Elang Putih (Polandia) (1993) Theodor Heuss Award ^(en) (1993) Penghargaan Indira Gandhi (3 Juni 1992) honorary doctor of the Sorbonne Nouvelle University ^(en) (8 Agustus 1991) doctor honoris causa from the Paris-Sorbonne University ^(en) (9 Mei 1991) Charlemagne Prize ^(en) (1991) honorary doctor of the Université libre de Bruxelles ^(en) (1991) Sonning Prize ^(en) (31 Oktober 1990) honorary doctor of Comenius University ^(en) (Oktober 1990) Grand Collar of the Order of the Southern Cross ^(en) (6 Mei 1990) honorary citizen of Plzeň ^(en) (Maret 1990) Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour ^(en) (1990) International Simón Bolívar Prize ^(en) (1990) honorary doctorate of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel ^(en) (1990) Gottlieb Duttweiler Prize ^(en) (1990) Four Freedoms Award – Freedom Medal ^(en) (15 Oktober 1989) Peace Prize of the German Publishers' and Booksellers' Association ^(en) (1989) Olof Palme Prize ^(en) (1986) Hadiah Erasmus (14 Mei 1984) honorary doctor of the University of Toulouse-II ^(en) (1968) Austrian State Prize for European Literature ^(en) Evelyn F. Burkey Award ^(en) Order Ecce Homo ^(en) Orde Krisantemum participant in the resistance and resistance against communism ^(en) Concordia Prize ^(en) Penghargaan Putri Asturias honorary doctor of the Dresden University of Technology ^(en) Grand Collar of the Order of Liberty ^(en) Saint George medal ^(en) Orde Bintang Yordania honorary doctorate of Haifa University ^(en) honorary doctor of the University of Warsaw ^(en) honorary doctor of the Bar-Ilan University ^(en) honorary doctor of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem ^(en) Čestná medaile T. G. Masaryka ^(en) Delta Prize for Global Understanding ^(en) honorary doctor of the University of Padua ^(en) honorary citizen of Prague ^(en) Democracy Service Medal ^(en) Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature ^(en) Liberty Medal Order of the Three Stars, 1st Class ^(en)

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