Umbuk , [ 1 ] atau kelentong atau helah keyakinan atau helah kepercayaan atau Trik konfidensi adalah upaya untuk melakukan penipuan setelah mendapatkan kepercayaan korban terlebih dahulu. Trik konfidensi mengeksploitasi korban menggunakan sifat mudah percaya, , belas kasih , kesombongan , kepercayaan diri, tidak bertanggung jawab, dan keserakahan . Para peneliti telah mendefinisikan trik konfidensi sebagai "ciri khas dari perilaku penipuan [...] yang bertujuan melakukan pertukaran sukarela tetapi sebenarnya tidak saling menguntungkan", karena mereka "menguntungkan penipu dengan mengorbankan korban mereka. [ 2 ] Orang yang melakukan pengumbukan disebut pengumbuk ( scammer ).
Referensi
- ^ "Arti kata umbuk - Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI) Online" . kbbi.web.id . Diakses tanggal 2024-03-10 .
- ^ Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018). "Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games" . Social Research: An International Quarterly . 85 (4): 795– 822.
Bacaan lanjutan
- Bell, J. Bowyer; Whaley, Barton (1982). Cheating and Deception (reprint 1991) . Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0887388682 .
- Blundell, Nigel (1984) [1982]. The World's Greatest Crooks and Conmen and other mischievous malefactors . Octopus Books. ISBN 978-0706421446 .
- Dillon, Eamon (2008) [2008]. The Fraudsters: Sharks and Charlatans – How Con Artists Make Their Money . Merlin Publishing. ISBN 978-1903582824 .
- Ford, Charles V. (1999) [1999]. Lies! Lies!! Lies!!!: The Psychology of Deceit . American Psychiatric. ISBN 978-0880489973 .
- Henderson, Les (2000). Crimes of Persuasion: Schemes, scams, frauds . Coyote Ridge. ISBN 978-0968713303 .
- Kaminski, Marek M. (2004). Games Prisoners Play . Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0691117218 .
- Konnikova, Maria (2016). The Confidence Game: Why We Fall for It...Every Time . ISBN 978-0525427414 .
- History's Greatest Deceptions and Confidence scams . Rodger & Laz Publishing S.E.N.C. 2018 [2018]. ISBN 978-1775292128 .
- Maurer, David W. (1999) [1940]. The Big Con: The Story of the Confidence Man and the Confidence Game . Bobbs Merrill / Anchor Books. ISBN 978-0385495387 .
- Maurer, David W. (1974). The American Confidence Man . Springfield: Charles C. Thomas, Publisher. ISBN 978-0398029746 .
- Reading, Amy (2012). The Mark Inside: A Perfect Swindle, a Cunning Revenge, and a Small History of the Big Con . Knopf. ISBN 978-0307473592 .
- Smith, Jeff (2009). Soapy Smith: The Life and Death of a Scoundrel . Juneau: Klondike Research. ISBN 978-0981974309 .
- Sutherland, Edwin Hardin (1937). The Professional Thief (reprint 1989) . University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0226780511 .
- Weil, J.R. "Yellow Kid" (1948) [2004]. Con Man: A Master Swindler's Own Story . Broadway Books. ISBN 978-0767917377 .
- Zhang, Yingyu (2017). The Book of Swindles: Selections from a Late Ming Collection . Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0231178631 .
Pranala luar
- "Arrest of the Confidence Man" . The Lost Museum, ( ) . Police Intelligence. New York Herald . July 8, 1849.
- Book of Swindles . 2017-11-15. Confidence tricks in China.
- "Prepaid funeral scam" . FBI.gov . Pemeliharaan CS1: Status URL ( link )
- "The Blonger Bros" . blongerbros.com . Lou Blonger was the head of a large gang of confidence men running the Big Con in 1910s Denver.
- "To Catch a Con Man" . investigation . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2007-03-24.