
Untuk daftar film yang hilang , yang dimaksud dengan film yang hilang adalah salah satu film yang tidak memiliki sebagian rekaman adegan yang diketahui masih bertahan. Untuk film-film yang beberapa porsi rekamannya masih tersisa (termasuk Trailer ), lihat artikel Daftar film yang tidak lengkap .
Film-film mungkin menghilang karena beberapa alasan. Faktor terbesar yang umumnya menyebabkan film hilang adalah penggunaan film nitrat sampai dengan awas Dasawarsa 1950-an. Jenis film ini sangat mudah terbakar, seperti film kebakaran film Fox tahun 1937, kebakaran film-film MGM tahun 1967, dan Universal Pictures yang kebakaran pada tahun 1924. [ 1 ] Film hitam-putih dituduh sebagai film tidak berguna. [ 2 ] Film menghilang juga dapat disebabkan oleh bangkrutnya sebuah perusahaan film. [ 2 ] Kadang kala, sebuah studio akan mendaur ulang sebuah film dan menghancurkan film sebelumnya. [ 2 ] Film-film bisu yang dianggap sudah tidak memiliki nilai ekonomi juga akan dijadikan sampah manakala sudah memenuhi tempat pernyimpanan. [ 3 ]
Yayasan Film Martin Scorsese ' mengklaim bahwa "setengah dari film Amerika Serikat yang diproduksi sebelum tahun 1950 dan lebih dari 90% film buatan sebelum tahun 1929 telah hilang selamanya." [ 4 ] memperkirakan, 80–90% film-film bisu telah lenyap; [ 5 ] arsip film memiliki daftar berisi lebih dari 3500 film hilang. Sebuah kajian yang dilakukan oleh Perpustakaan Kongres Amerika Serikat menyatakan bahwa 75% film bisu telah hilang. [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
Film-film bisu
1890-an
Tahun | Film | Sutradara | Pemeran | Catatan | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1896 | Georges Méliès | A French short documentary. | [ 8 ] | ||
(aka Watering the Flowers ) | Georges Méliès | A short comedy. | [ 9 ] | ||
Georges Méliès | [ 10 ] | ||||
Georges Méliès | [ 11 ] | ||||
Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 12 ] | |||
Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 13 ] | |||
Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 14 ] | |||
Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 15 ] | |||
Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 16 ] | |||
Campement de bohémiens ( ) | Georges Méliès | A short documentary. | [ 17 ] | ||
Georges Méliès | [ 18 ] | ||||
Georges Méliès | |||||
Georges Méliès | [ 20 ] | ||||
Georges Méliès | [ 21 ] | ||||
Georges Méliès | [ 22 ] | ||||
, 1st and 2nd parts | Georges Méliès | [ 23 ] [ 24 ] | |||
Georges Méliès | [ 25 ] | ||||
The first Dutch fictional film | [ 26 ] | ||||
M.H. Laddé | [ 27 ] | ||||
M.H. Laddé | [ 28 ] | ||||
1899 | , | , | American Mutoscope and Biograph film of 25-round heavyweight championship bout, 135 minutes in length. First film shot in artificial light, which was so hot that it singed the boxers' hair. A few minutes of degraded footage exists of this fight. | [ 29 ] |
1900-an
Tahun | Film | Sutradara | Pemeran | Catatan | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1900 | M.H. Laddé | The first film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians and . | [ 30 ] | ||
1903 | Joe Rosenthal | Believed to be the first fiction film. | [ 31 ] | ||
1906 | M.H. Laddé | The second film with this title, featuring the Dutch comedians Lion Solser and Piet Hesse. | [ 32 ] | ||
1907 |
,
|
Teppo Raikas,
Teuvo Puro,
|
The first fiction film. Some sources also consider it to be the first fiction film, as Finland was a part of the until 1917. | [ 33 ] | |
1908 | , Otis Turner | L. Frank Baum | First adaptation of The Wonderful Wizard of Oz and several of its sequels. Shown only in engagements as part of a live theater presentation, the print decomposed and was discarded. [ butuh rujukan ] | [ 34 ] | |
1908 | The Music Master | D. W. Griffith | Most of D. W. Griffith's early appearances as an actor in Biograph films have been preserved, minus this title. | [ 35 ] |
1910-an
1920-an
Film bersuara
- Sejak tahun1929 film-film memasuki era film bersuara.
1920-an
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1928 | , Lionel Barrymore | This part talkie was MGM's first film with synchronized dialogue sequences. It was also released as a silent film, which is similarly lost. | [ 36 ] | ||
Janet Gaynor | Fox Studios' print was reportedly borrowed by actress , who played a supporting role in the film, but its whereabouts are now unknown. | [ 37 ] [ 38 ] | |||
Langdon's last silent feature received little promotion in the United States, with fewer than 100 prints struck. There were reported showings in Australia in 1931. | [ 39 ] [ 40 ] | ||||
The Home Towners | Bryan Foy | Doris Kenyon , | Warner Bros.' third all talkie. | [ 41 ] | |
Walter Pidgeon , Mildred Harris | All talkie. Universal 's first sound feature. | [ 41 ] | |||
Pauline Frederick , , Bert Lytell | Warner Bros.' fourth all talking feature. | [ 41 ] | |||
Tenderloin | Michael Curtiz | Dolores Costello , Conrad Nagel | Second feature film to have synchronized dialogue sequences. Part talkie. | [ 41 ] | |
Lloyd Bacon | Irene Rich | Part talkie released by Warner Bros. | [ 41 ] | ||
1929 | Thomas Meighan , , Lila Lee , Gladys Brockwell | Silent veteran Brockwell died in a traffic accident shortly after making this film. | [ 42 ] | ||
Edward Everett Horton , Patsy Ruth Miller | [ 43 ] | ||||
Marshall Neilan | Ina Claire | [ 44 ] | |||
, Betty Compson | |||||
Nat Ross | George J. Lewis , | [ 41 ] | |||
Frank Lloyd | Jack Mulhall , Lila Lee | Jack Mulhall's character is the first attempt at dual role double exposure photography in a talking film. [ 45 ] | |||
Pauline Frederick , Conway Tearle | [ 46 ] | ||||
, Myrna Loy | A from Warner Bros. | ||||
Colleen Moore | Part-Technicolor. | [ 41 ] | |||
Douglas Fairbanks Jr. , Loretta Young | [ 41 ] | ||||
, Lola Lane | Multicolor sequences. | [ 47 ] | |||
Frozen Justice | Allan Dwan | Lenore Ulric | [ 48 ] | ||
Michael Curtiz | , | ||||
Michael Curtiz | Dolores Costello , | ||||
Lloyd Bacon | , Lila Lee | This was Tucker's film debut. The complete soundtrack survives. | [ 41 ] | ||
Edward Everett Horton , Patsy Ruth Miller | |||||
, | [ 41 ] | ||||
Jeanne Eagels , Fredric March | [ 49 ] | ||||
, Lila Lee | [ 41 ] | ||||
Dorothy Mackaill , | |||||
, | All talking | [ 41 ] | |||
Michael Curtiz | Dolores Costello , | [ 50 ] | |||
Robert F. Hill | , Josephine Dunn | Universal's first 100% talking musical. | [ 41 ] | ||
Walter Pidgeon , Leatrice Joy | 8 sound discs survive at UCLA. Visual elements appear not to have survived | [ 51 ] | |||
, Edmund Lowe | [ 41 ] | ||||
, | Technicolor sequences. | [ 41 ] | |||
Queen of the Night Clubs | Bryan Foy | Texas Guinan , Lila Lee | [ 41 ] | ||
Leo McCarey | Alan Hale , Kathryn Crawford | Multicolor sequences. | [ 41 ] | ||
Pauline Frederick , Conrad Nagel | [ 52 ] | ||||
Ray Enright | , Betty Compson | ||||
Smiling Irish Eyes | Colleen Moore | Part-Technicolor. | [ 41 ] | ||
Lois Moran , | [ 41 ] | ||||
Allan Dwan | Lenore Ulric , Charles Bickford | [ 53 ] | |||
, Lola Lane | [ 54 ] | ||||
Lloyd Bacon | Louise Fazenda , | Released in both silent and all talking version. Both are lost. | [ 55 ] | ||
, Betty Compson |
1930-an
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1930 | Alfred Hitchcock | Short film made by Hitchcock for awards ceremony at the London Palladium in January 1930. | [ 56 ] | ||
John G. Blystone | Sue Carol , Dixie Lee | [ 41 ] | |||
Bride of the Regiment | Vivienne Segal , Walter Pidgeon | All Technicolor musical drama, only the soundtrack survives on Vitaphone discs. | [ 41 ] | ||
Irving Cummings | , | [ 41 ] | |||
Silent. Chinese film. Original title: 续盘丝洞. Sequel to the 1927 (which itself had been thought to have been lost, but was rediscovered in 2013). | |||||
, | Musical comedy | [ 41 ] | |||
Austin Fay, | , Les Coney | An Australian comedy. | [ 57 ] | ||
Winnie Lightner , Joe E. Brown | All Technicolor musical comedy. The complete soundtrack exists on Vitaphone discs. | [ 41 ] | |||
, Loretta Young | A lavish costume drama in the early widescreen process known as Vitascope. The complete soundtrack exists on Vitaphone discs. | [ 58 ] | |||
, Dixie Lee | [ 41 ] | ||||
Alexander Korda | Corinne Griffith , Ralph Forbes | [ 41 ] | |||
Lord Richard in the Pantry | , | Included on the of missing British feature films. | [ 59 ] | ||
, | [ 41 ] | ||||
, | Part Technicolor musical comedy. The soundtrack discs survive. Trailer survives. | [ 41 ] [ 60 ] | |||
Alan Crosland | , Noah Beery | All Technicolor musical drama, the first color film featuring wide screen, and Academy Award nominee for Best Sound . Sound discs for five of the nine reels exist. | [ 41 ] | ||
1931 | Alam Ara | Ardeshir Irani | Master Vithal , Zubeida , Jilloo , , Prithviraj Kapoor | The first Indian sound film. | [ 61 ] |
Warner Oland , | An alternate Spanish-language version, featuring a different cast, exists. | [ 62 ] | |||
, Marjorie Hume , Warwick Ward | On the list. | [ 63 ] | |||
All-color film photographed in Technicolor. | [ 41 ] | ||||
, , Frank Pettingell | On the list. | [ 64 ] | |||
Kalidas | H. M. Reddy | T. P. Rajalakshmi , P. G. Venkatesan, L. V. Prasad | First sound film in , as well as | [ 65 ] [ 66 ] | |
Quirino Cristiani | Argentine production; the world's first animated feature film with sound, using a primitive system. | [ 67 ] | |||
Michael Powell | John Longden , , | Powell's directorial debut. | [ 68 ] | ||
1932 | John G. Blystone | Warner Oland | Sixth film of the Charlie Chan series and third with Warner Oland. | [ 69 ] | |
, | Maurice Braddell, | Robert Donat 's film debut. The film is on the list. | [ 70 ] | ||
Second film in the Sherlock Holmes series. | [ 71 ] [ 72 ] | ||||
Tonendes ABC | Experimental film, the negative was scratched by hand. Seen by in the 1930s. | [ 73 ] | |||
1933 | Chikara to Onna no Yo no Naka | Kenzō Masaoka | First sound anime . | [ 74 ] | |
Joan Blondell
|
A film produced by First National – Warner Bros. | [ 41 ] | |||
Ruan Lingyu
|
Fei Mu's debut. | ||||
Frank Bradley, , | Australia's first anti-war movie. | [ 57 ] | |||
Isamu Yamaguchi | Japanese short based on , and the first Kaiju film, preceding by 21 years. | [ 75 ] | |||
1934 | Al Boasberg | Dorothy Appleby , Moe Howard , Curly Howard | The only lost Stooges film. | ||
Errol Flynn | Flynn's debut film in the UK. | [ 76 ] | |||
Ivo Perilli | , , Osvaldo Valenti | Screening was banned by Fascist authorities before the premiere, and subsequently stored at the . During the Germans' retreat in 1944, the centre was looted and set on fire. | [ 77 ] [ 78 ] | ||
A film. | [ 79 ] | ||||
1935 | Peter Finch | Completed but never released. | [ 57 ] | ||
1936 | John Wayne | Lost film, but in 2013 stills were found | [ 80 ] | ||
, | It was intended to be the first from Italy, but is now considered lost, only the original script and a couple of still frames are all that survived of the film | [ 81 ] | |||
1937 | Terang Boelan | Albert Balink | Rd. Mochtar , Roekiah | Romance film from the ; the colony's biggest commercial success | [ 82 ] |
1938 | Sōya Kumagai | Eizaburo Matsumoto | A Japanese kaiju (giant monster) film which preceded by sixteen years. It was likely lost during World War II. | [ 83 ] | |
Wanda Jakubowska and | The Nazi regime liked the artistic value of the movie, but could not allow the screening of a picture so firmly rooted in Polish history. It was dubbed and re-edited, changing it to pro-German propaganda. Stefan Dekierowski informed the Polish underground, and the remaining three copies (out of 5 total) were hidden in winter 1939; the movie is believed to be lost. | ||||
1939 | , , | On the list. | [ 84 ] | ||
It was lost during the bombing of Manila during World War II. |
1940-an
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1940 | Harta Berdarah | R Hu, Rd Ariffien | Zonder, Soelastri | Indonesian action film. Screened until at least July 1944. | [ 85 ] |
Kedok Ketawa | Jo An Djan | Fatimah, Basoeki Resobowo , Oedjang | Union Films first production. Screened until at least August 1944. | [ 85 ] | |
1941 | Asmara Moerni | Rd Ariffien | Adnan Kapau Gani , Djoewariah , S. Joesoef | Indonesian romance film. Screened until at least November 1945. | [ 85 ] |
Bajar dengan Djiwa | R Hu | A Bakar, Djoewariah , O Parma, Oedjang, RS Fatimah, Soelastri, Zonder | Indonesian drama film. Screened until at least October 1943. | [ 85 ] | |
Soeara Berbisa | R Hu | Raden Soekarno , Ratna Djoewita, Oedjang, Soehaena | Screened until at least February 1949, longer than any other Union Films production, and the only Union picture known to have been shown post-World War II. | [ 85 ] | |
James Mason | Although it is said to have been shown on British television as recently as 1987, the film is believed lost and is included on the BFI's " " list of missing British feature films. | [ 86 ] | |||
Wanita dan Satria | Rd Ariffien | Djoewariah , Ratna Djoewita, Hidajat, Z. Algadrie, Moesa | [ 85 ] | ||
1942 | |||||
Cóndor Capuchita | Carlos Trupp, Jorge Escudero | Chilean movie. Apparently, in 1982, after the death of Carlos Trupp in the United States, his heirs would have found and searched in 2001 to finance its restoration, but nothing is known since. | [ 87 ] | ||
Mega Mendoeng | Boen Kim Nam | Raden Soekarno , Oedjang, Boen Sofiati, Soehaena | Union Films final production before the studio closed ahead of the impending . | [ 85 ] | |
1943 | , Ann Dvorak | On the list of lost films. | [ 88 ] | ||
1944 | Peter Finch , | [ 57 ] | |||
1945 | , | Screen debut of stage star Kirkwood. It is on the list. | [ 89 ] | ||
, , | Another film on the BFI 75 Most Wanted list. | [ 90 ] | |||
1948 | The director's final production. | [ 91 ] |
1960-an
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960 | , | On the list of lost films. | [ 92 ] | ||
1961 | Cranks at Work | Ken Russell | English. Russell's short 35mm film about the choreographer . | [ 93 ] | |
1962 | Bulgasari | Kim Myeong-jae | South Korean Kaiju film. Later remade in 1985 as Pulgasari . | [ 94 ] | |
,
,
|
On the list. Hartford-Davis' film debut; only reviews are known to survive. | [ 95 ] | |||
1963 | Andy Warhol Films Jack Smith Filming Normal Love | Andy Warhol | Jack Smith | This home movie, which may have been Warhol's first film, was seized by New York City Police in March 1964, and has since disappeared. | [ 96 ] |
,
,
|
On the list. | [ 97 ] | |||
1967 | Leody M. Diaz | , | An unofficial Filipino Batman parody made without permission of DC Comics , owner of the character's copyright. | [ 98 ] | |
John Schlesinger | Director Schlesinger shot this film for producer Harry Saltzman . Alan Rosenthal claims that "hours of film had been shot and edited, but nobody liked the result. Israel was too triumphant, too out of keeping with the changed mood. It had a few showings and then passed into oblivion." On the other hand, William J. Mann claims that Schlesinger never finished the documentary, "due to 'creative differences' with the BBC." Cinematographer claimed in 2011 that he has never been able to find a copy of the documentary. | ||||
1968 | René Govar | The second in a series of films featuring the character Count Waldemar Daninsky. Never publicly screened or seen by anyone, including Naschy. Suspected by some to be a hoax. | [ 99 ] | ||
, Donald Pleasence | Never released. | [ 100 ] | |||
1969 | Michael Hayes | Ian McKellen , | First known film adaptation of a work by Soviet playwright , and an early film role for McKellen. Appears on the list. | [ 101 ] |
1970-an
Year | Film | Director | Cast | Notes | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1972 | , | All known prints believed destroyed upon the director's death, at his request. Currently listed on the list. | [ 102 ] | ||
1974 | Pornographic film about the life of Jesus Christ, previously believed to be a hoax. | [ 103 ] |
Lihat pula
- , an unfinished Soviet film directed by Sergei Eisenstein . The reels were destroyed during a World War II bombing raid in 1941.
- List of rediscovered films
Referensi
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- ^ "Why" . Deutsche Kinemathek . Diakses tanggal March 25, 2013 .
- ^ Ohlheiser, Abby (December 4, 2013). "Most of America's Silent Films Are Lost Forever" . The Wire . Diakses tanggal 4 November 2014 . [ pranala nonaktif permanen ]
-
^
Slide, Anthony
(2000).
Nitrate Won't Wait: History of Film Preservation in the United States
. McFarland. hlm. 5.
ISBN
0786408367
. Diakses tanggal
March 25,
2013
.
It is often claimed that 75 percent of all American silent films are gone and 50 percent of all films made prior to 1950 are lost, but such figures, as archivists admit in private, were thought up on the spur of the moment, without statistical information to back them up.
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- ^ 75 Most Wanted – This Man Is Dangerous Diarsipkan 2012-03-16 di Wayback Machine . BFI National Archive. Retrieved 16-10-2010
- ^ The strange story of "15,000 drawings", the first animated feature film Chilean Retrieved 25-11-2014
- ^ "Squadron Leader X" . British Film Institute . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-08-03 . Diakses tanggal May 24, 2014 .
- ^ Jo Botting. "Lost Then Found" . British Film Institute Screenonline . Diakses tanggal February 22, 2013 .
- ^ "For You Alone / BFI Most Wanted" . British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-08-03 . Diakses tanggal May 29, 2014 .
- ^ Moos, Dan (Autumn 2002). "Reclaiming the Frontier: Oscar Micheaux as Black Turnerian — Critical Essay" . African American Review . 36 (3). : 357– 381. doi : 10.2307/1512202 . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2016-10-18 . Diakses tanggal 2017-02-12 . (HighBream subscription required)
- ^ "Linda / BFI Most Wanted" . British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-08-03 . Diakses tanggal May 25, 2014 .
- ^ "Ken Russell: The Monitor Years" .
- ^ . Roberthood.net. 2008-02-29 . Diakses tanggal 2012-08-08 .
- ^ "Crosstrap / BFI Most Wanted" . British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-08-03 . Diakses tanggal November 27, 2014 .
- ^ "Andy Warhol chronology" . Diakses tanggal 10 November 2014 .
- ^ "Farewell Performance / BFI Most Wanted" . British Film Institute. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-08-03 . Diakses tanggal May 25, 2014 .
- ^ F.G. Hablawi. "The Quest for "Batman Fights Dracula" " . NonProductive. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2010-01-22 . Diakses tanggal 2012-08-08 .
- ^ "Las noches del hombre loco" . Lost Films (an initiative of the ) . Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015 .
- ^ "BFI Most Wanted" . British Film Institute . Diakses tanggal 5 April 2015 .
- ^ "BFI National Archive: 75 Most Wanted List – The Promise" . British Film Institute . BFI. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-03-19 . Diakses tanggal 18 March 2012 .
- ^ "BFI 75 Most Wanted: Nobody Ordered Love" . British Film Institute . BFI. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2012-03-19 . Diakses tanggal 18 March 2012 .
- ^ " "Lost Movie Detective: Him". To Obscurity and Beyond..." Diakses tanggal 7 June 2015 .
Rujukan karya
- Heider, Karl G (1991). Indonesian Cinema: National Culture on Screen . Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. ISBN 978-0-8248-1367-3 .