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Front Pembebasan Nasional Sandinista

Frente Sandinista de Liberaciòn Nacional
Front Pembebasan Nasional Sandinista Frente Sandinista de Liberaciòn Nacional
Singkatan	FSLN
Sekretaris Jenderal	Daniel Ortega
Pendiri	; Silvio Mayorga ; ; Casimiro Sotello ;
Dibentuk	19 Juli 1961 ; 63 tahun lalu
Kantor pusat	Leal Villa De Santiago De Managua , Managua
Surat kabar	La Voz del Sandinismo
Sayap pemuda
Sayap wanita
Armed wing
Keanggotaan (1990)	<95,700 [ butuh pemutakhiran ]
Ideologi	; Sosialisme Kristen ; Sosialisme otoritarian ; Teologi pembebasan ; Populisme sayap kiri ; Dahulunya: Marxisme–Leninisme ;
Posisi politik	Sayap kiri hingga kiri jauh
Agama	Katolik Roma
Afiliasi regional	( )
Afiliasi kontinental	Foro de São Paulo ;
Afiliasi internasional
Serikat pekerja terafiliasi
Warna	Official: ; Red ; Black ; Customary: ; Merah serah
	75 / 90
	15 / 20
Bendera

Front Pembebasan Nasional Sandinista , ( bahasa Spanyol : Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional ), dikenal dengan singkatan FSLN , adalah suatu partai politik di Nikaragua yang didirikan atas prinsip-prinsip sosialisme . Anggota dari partai ini dikenal dengan sebutan Sandinista , yang diambil dari pejuang anti-imperialisme bernama , yang melawan pada tahun 1930-an. ^{[

26

]}

Partai ini memimpin suatu revolusi populer pada tahun 1979 yang menumbangkan di Nikaragua. Sandinista memegang kekuasaan selama kurang lebih 12 tahun dari 1979 hingga 1990, di mana mereka mewujudkan pemilu demokratis dan konstitusi nasional, di samping berbagai reformasi populis lainnnya. Penentangan terhadap pemerintahan Somoza terinpirasi oleh gerakan anti-imperialisme yang dipimpin oleh pada dasawarsa 1930-an .

Saat ini FSLN merupakan salah satu dari dua partai utama di Nikaragua, dengan mewakili sekitar 40% dari pemilih. Pada pemilihan umum Nikaragua 2006 , Daniel Ortega dari FSLN terpilih kembali menjadi presiden Nikaragua dengan perbandingan 38,7% dan 29% terhadap lawannya, dari partai .

Buku tentang Sandinista

Revolusi sandinista : perjuangan tanpa akhir melawan neo-liberalisme oleh Nurani Soyomukti

Referensi

^ Merrill, Tim (1993). Nicaragua: A Country Study . Library of Congress .
^ Redacción Central (2011-04-29). "Daniel: la unidad es fundamental para el proyecto Cristiano, Socialista y Solidario" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 2, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .
^ Redacción Central (2012-12-24). "Rosario: Queremos la unión de Nicaragua entera alrededor del Cristianismo, el Socialismo y la Solidaridad" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 5, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .
^ Redacción Central (2013-03-13). "Celebró Rosario en nombre del pueblo y el gobierno elección del papa Francisco" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 3, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .
^ (2016). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution: A Marxist Analysis . Koninklijke Brill. hlm. 147. ISBN 978-90-04-29131-7 .
^ Reed, Jean-Pierre; Foran, John (2002). "Political Cultures of Opposition: Exploring Idioms, Ideologies, and Revolutionary Agency in the Case of Nicaragua". Critical Sociology . 28 (3): 356. doi : 10.1177/08969205020280030401 . S2CID 145100852 .
^ Sabia, Debra (1997). Contradiction and Conflict: The Popular Church in Nicaragua . University of Alabama Press. hlm. 177 . ISBN 978-05-85-21162-6 .
^ "Nicaragua: Ortega and wife to assume absolute power after changes approved" . The Guardian . 22 November 2024 . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .
^ Granger, Max (25 August 2024). "Is Nicaragua's Dictatorship Nearing Its End?" . Foreign Policy . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .
^ Rascoe, Ayesha; Eyder, Peralta (10 September 2023). "Rare Look Inside Nicaragua dictatorship of Daniel Ortega" . NPR . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .
^ Sawchuk, Dana (1997). "The Catholic Church in the Nicaraguan Revolution: A Gramscian Analysis" . Sociology of Religion . 58 (1): 39– 51. doi : 10.2307/3712105 . JSTOR 3712105 . While the base's support of the FSLN threatened the hierarchy's bourgeois political project and interest in self-preservation, its adoption of liberation theology threatened the reproduction of the Church's internal power structure.
^ Hedin, Emily (26 October 2005). " "Ni un Paso Atras:" Women's Political Participation in Revolutionary Nicaragua" (PDF) . Latin American Studies (2): 5. Furthermore, the connection of the FSLN with liberation theology bolstered the legitimacy of the Sandinistas and helped maintain women's commitment to the movement.
^ Hughes, Conrad (2018). Educating for the Twenty-First Century: Seven Global Changes . IBE-UNESCO. hlm. 57. ISBN 978-90-04-38103-2 . "The Sandinista liberation theology in Nicaragua gave the poor hope and determination in the 1960s and 1970s.
^ Peñalba, Kohar (2012). "Daniel Ortega's Third Term of Office: The Controversial Re-Election of the President of Nicaragua" . KAS International Reports . 1 . Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: 59. ISSN 0177-7521 . The parties approved by the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) to contest the election included the left-wing populist Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) , the Independent Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Independiente, PLI), the Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) and two other smaller parties.
^ Miranda, Wilfredo (14 January 2022). "El Chipote, the dungeon for Nicaragua's political prisoners" . San José: . One of the ex-guerrilla fighters of Sandinismo, the left-wing populist movement that brought Ortega to power, is retired general Hugo Torres, 73.
^ Botz, Dan La (2016). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution: A Marxist Analysis . The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill. hlm. XIV– XV. ISBN 978-90-04-29130-0 .
^ Hoyt, Katherine (1997). The Many Faces of Sandinista Democracy . Center for International Studies, Ohio University. hlm. 179 . ISBN 0-89680-197-7 .
^ Andrew, Christopher (2005). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World: Newly Revealed Secrets from the Mitrokhin Archive . Basic Books. hlm. 120 –121. ISBN 978-0-465-00311-2 .
^ Country Reports on Human Rights Practices For 1989 (Report). US: Department of State. February 1990 . Diakses tanggal 2025-05-20 .
^ "FACTBOX-Landmarks in Latin American left-wing politics" . Reuters . 5 October 2007.
^ Ruhl, J. Mark (2003). "Civil-Military Relations in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua" . Armed Forces & Society . 30 (1). Sage Publications, Inc.: 122. doi : 10.1177/0095327X0303000105 . S2CID 145351444 .
^ Newman, Lucia (6 November 2011). "Ortega widely supported despite controversy" . Al Jazeera .
^ Fleming, Thomas (27 April 2015). "Obama's Not the First President to Say 'Bucket' to Congress" . Politico .
^ ^a ^b Kennison, Weston L. (2015). "The Pilgrimage of the Wolf: St. Francis as Peacemaker in Gubbio and Nicaragua ". Dalam Bradley R. Franco; Beth A. Mulvaney (ed.). The World of St. Francis of Assisi: Essays in Honor of William R. Cook . Koninklijke Brill NV. hlm. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-29028-0 . ISSN 1572-6991 .
^ Garrard-Burne, Virginia (2016). "Church Responses to Political Violence in Central America: From Liberation Theology to Human Rights". Dalam Alexander Wilde (ed.). Religious Responses to Violence: Human Rights in Latin America Past and Present . University of Notre Dame Press. hlm. 145. ISBN 978-0-268-09676-2 .
^ " "To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César Sandino" . History Matters . Diakses tanggal 17 Juni 2025 .

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[1] Merrill, Tim (1993). Nicaragua: A Country Study . Library of Congress .

[2] Redacción Central (2011-04-29). "Daniel: la unidad es fundamental para el proyecto Cristiano, Socialista y Solidario" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 2, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .

[3] Redacción Central (2012-12-24). "Rosario: Queremos la unión de Nicaragua entera alrededor del Cristianismo, el Socialismo y la Solidaridad" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 5, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .

[4] Redacción Central (2013-03-13). "Celebró Rosario en nombre del pueblo y el gobierno elección del papa Francisco" . La Voz del Sandinismo. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal April 3, 2016 . Diakses tanggal 2014-08-18 .

[5] (2016). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution: A Marxist Analysis . Koninklijke Brill. hlm. 147. ISBN 978-90-04-29131-7 .

[6] Reed, Jean-Pierre; Foran, John (2002). "Political Cultures of Opposition: Exploring Idioms, Ideologies, and Revolutionary Agency in the Case of Nicaragua". Critical Sociology . 28 (3): 356. doi : 10.1177/08969205020280030401 . S2CID 145100852 .

[7] Sabia, Debra (1997). Contradiction and Conflict: The Popular Church in Nicaragua . University of Alabama Press. hlm. 177 . ISBN 978-05-85-21162-6 .

[8] "Nicaragua: Ortega and wife to assume absolute power after changes approved" . The Guardian . 22 November 2024 . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .

[9] Granger, Max (25 August 2024). "Is Nicaragua's Dictatorship Nearing Its End?" . Foreign Policy . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .

[10] Rascoe, Ayesha; Eyder, Peralta (10 September 2023). "Rare Look Inside Nicaragua dictatorship of Daniel Ortega" . NPR . Diakses tanggal 2024-02-02 .

[11] Sawchuk, Dana (1997). "The Catholic Church in the Nicaraguan Revolution: A Gramscian Analysis" . Sociology of Religion . 58 (1): 39– 51. doi : 10.2307/3712105 . JSTOR 3712105 . While the base's support of the FSLN threatened the hierarchy's bourgeois political project and interest in self-preservation, its adoption of liberation theology threatened the reproduction of the Church's internal power structure.

[12] Hedin, Emily (26 October 2005). " "Ni un Paso Atras:" Women's Political Participation in Revolutionary Nicaragua" (PDF) . Latin American Studies (2): 5. Furthermore, the connection of the FSLN with liberation theology bolstered the legitimacy of the Sandinistas and helped maintain women's commitment to the movement.

[13] Hughes, Conrad (2018). Educating for the Twenty-First Century: Seven Global Changes . IBE-UNESCO. hlm. 57. ISBN 978-90-04-38103-2 . "The Sandinista liberation theology in Nicaragua gave the poor hope and determination in the 1960s and 1970s.

[14] Peñalba, Kohar (2012). "Daniel Ortega's Third Term of Office: The Controversial Re-Election of the President of Nicaragua" . KAS International Reports . 1 . Konrad Adenauer Stiftung: 59. ISSN 0177-7521 . The parties approved by the Supreme Electoral Council (CSE) to contest the election included the left-wing populist Sandinista National Liberation Front (Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional, FSLN) , the Independent Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Independiente, PLI), the Constitutionalist Liberal Party (Partido Liberal Constitucionalista, PLC) and two other smaller parties.

[15] Miranda, Wilfredo (14 January 2022). "El Chipote, the dungeon for Nicaragua's political prisoners" . San José: . One of the ex-guerrilla fighters of Sandinismo, the left-wing populist movement that brought Ortega to power, is retired general Hugo Torres, 73.

[16] Botz, Dan La (2016). What Went Wrong? The Nicaraguan Revolution: A Marxist Analysis . The Netherlands: Koninklijke Brill. hlm. XIV– XV. ISBN 978-90-04-29130-0 .

[17] Hoyt, Katherine (1997). The Many Faces of Sandinista Democracy . Center for International Studies, Ohio University. hlm. 179 . ISBN 0-89680-197-7 .

[18] Andrew, Christopher (2005). The World Was Going Our Way: The KGB and the Battle for the Third World: Newly Revealed Secrets from the Mitrokhin Archive . Basic Books. hlm. 120 –121. ISBN 978-0-465-00311-2 .

[Report-19] Country Reports on Human Rights Practices For 1989 (Report). US: Department of State. February 1990 . Diakses tanggal 2025-05-20 .

[20] "FACTBOX-Landmarks in Latin American left-wing politics" . Reuters . 5 October 2007.

[21] Ruhl, J. Mark (2003). "Civil-Military Relations in Post-Sandinista Nicaragua" . Armed Forces & Society . 30 (1). Sage Publications, Inc.: 122. doi : 10.1177/0095327X0303000105 . S2CID 145351444 .

[22] Newman, Lucia (6 November 2011). "Ortega widely supported despite controversy" . Al Jazeera .

[23] Fleming, Thomas (27 April 2015). "Obama's Not the First President to Say 'Bucket' to Congress" . Politico .

[kennison-24] Kennison, Weston L. (2015). "The Pilgrimage of the Wolf: St. Francis as Peacemaker in Gubbio and Nicaragua ". Dalam Bradley R. Franco; Beth A. Mulvaney (ed.). The World of St. Francis of Assisi: Essays in Honor of William R. Cook . Koninklijke Brill NV. hlm. 150. ISBN 978-90-04-29028-0 . ISSN 1572-6991 .

[wilde-25] Garrard-Burne, Virginia (2016). "Church Responses to Political Violence in Central America: From Liberation Theology to Human Rights". Dalam Alexander Wilde (ed.). Religious Responses to Violence: Human Rights in Latin America Past and Present . University of Notre Dame Press. hlm. 145. ISBN 978-0-268-09676-2 .

[26] " "To Abolish the Monroe Doctrine": Proclamation from Augusto César Sandino" . History Matters . Diakses tanggal 17 Juni 2025 .

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Ensiklopedia

Buku tentang Sandinista

Referensi

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