
Bencana kelaparan besar 1876–78 (juga bencana kelaparan India Selatan 1876–78 atau bencana kelaparan Madras 1877 ) adalah sebuah bencana kelaparan di India yang dimulai pada 1876 dan terjadi di India Selatan dan India barat daya ( Madras , Mysore , , dan Bombay ) selama dua tahun. Pada tahun keduanya, bencana kelaparan juga menyebar ke utara sampai beberapa wilayah di dan , dan wilayah kecil di Punjab . [ 1 ] Bencana kelaparan tersebut melingkupi wilayah seluas 257.000 mil persegi (670.000 km 2 ) dan dialami oleh 58,500,000 penduduk. [ 1 ] Korban tewas akibat dari kelaparan tersebut sekitar 5.5 juta jiwa.
Catatan
- ^ a b Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III 1907 , hlm. 488
Referensi
- Arnold, David (1994), "The 'discovery' of malnutrition and diet in colonial India", Indian Economic and Social History Review , 31 (1): 1– 26, doi : 10.1177/001946469403100101
- (2001), Late Victorian Holocausts , Verso Books. Pp. 400, ISBN 978-1-85984-739-8
- Fieldhouse, David (1996), "For Richer, for Poorer?", dalam Marshall, P. J. (ed.), The Cambridge Illustrated History of the British Empire , Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Pp. 400, hlm. 108– 146, ISBN 0-521-00254-0
- Hall-Matthews, David (1996), "Historical Roots of Famine Relief Paradigms: Ideas on Dependency and Free Trade in India in the 1870s", Disasters , 20 (3): 216– 230, doi : 10.1111/j.1467-7717.1996.tb01035.x
- Hall-Matthews, David (2008), "Inaccurate Conceptions: Disputed Measures of Nutritional Needs and Famine Deaths in Colonial India", Modern Asian Studies , 42 (1): 1– 24, doi : 10.1017/S0026749X07002892
- Imperial Gazetteer of India vol. III (1907), The Indian Empire, Economic (Chapter X: Famine, pp. 475–502 , Published under the authority of His Majesty's Secretary of State for India in Council, Oxford at the Clarendon Press. Pp. xxx, 1 map, 552.
- Roy, Tirthankar (2006), The Economic History of India, 1857–1947, 2nd edition , New Delhi: Oxford University Press. Pp. xvi, 385, ISBN 0-19-568430-3
- Washbrook, David (1994), "The Commercialization of Agriculture in Colonial India: Production, Subsistence and Reproduction in the 'Dry South', c. 1870–1930", Modern Asian Studies , 28 (1): 129– 164, doi : 10.1017/s0026749x00011720 , JSTOR 312924
Bacaan lanjutan
- Ambirajan, S. (1976), "Malthusian Population Theory and Indian Famine Policy in the Nineteenth Century", Population Studies , 30 (1): 5– 14, doi : 10.2307/2173660
- Bhatia, B. M. (1991), Famines in India: A Study in Some Aspects of the Economic History of India With Special Reference to Food Problem, 1860–1990 , Stosius Inc/Advent Books Division. Pp. 383, ISBN 81-220-0211-0
- (2001), : El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World , Verso. Pp. 464, ISBN 1-85984-739-0
- (1878), The Famine Campaign in Southern India: Madras and Bombay Presidencies and province of Mysore, 1876-1878, Volume 1 , London: Longmans, Green and Co
- (1878), The Famine Campaign in Southern India: Madras and Bombay Presidencies and province of Mysore, 1876-1878, Volume 2 , London: Longmans, Green and Co
- Dutt, Romesh Chunder (1900 (reprinted 2005)), Open Letters to Lord Curzon on Famines and Land Assessments in India , London: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd (reprinted by Adamant Media Corporation), ISBN 1-4021-5115-2 Pemeliharaan CS1: Tahun ( link )
- Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part I" , Population Studies , 45 (1): 5– 25, doi : 10.1080/0032472031000145056
- Dyson, Tim (1991), "On the Demography of South Asian Famines: Part II" , Population Studies , 45 (2): 279– 297, doi : 10.1080/0032472031000145446
- Famine Commission (1880), Report of the Indian Famine Commission, Part I , Calcutta
- Ghose, Ajit Kumar (1982), "Food Supply and Starvation: A Study of Famines with Reference to the Indian Subcontinent", Oxford Economic Papers, New Series , 34 (2): 368– 389
- Government of India (1867), Report of the Commissioners Appointed to Enquire into the Famine in Bengal and Orissa in 1866, Volumes I, II , Calcutta
- Hardiman, David (1996), "Usuary, Dearth and Famine in Western India", Past and Present (152): 113– 156
- Hill, Christopher V. (1991), "Philosophy and Reality in Riparian South Asia: British Famine Policy and Migration in Colonial North India", Modern Asian Studies , 25 (2): 263– 279, doi : 10.1017/s0026749x00010672
- Klein, Ira (1973), "Death in India, 1871-1921", The Journal of Asian Studies , 32 (4): 639– 659, doi : 10.2307/2052814
- McAlpin, Michelle B. (1983), "Famines, Epidemics, and Population Growth: The Case of India", Journal of Interdisciplinary History , 14 (2): 351– 366, doi : 10.2307/203709
- McAlpin, Michelle B. (1979), "Dearth, Famine, and Risk: The Changing Impact of Crop Failures in Western India, 1870–1920", The Journal of Economic History , 39 (1): 143– 157, doi : 10.1017/S0022050700096352
- (1882), Men and events of my time in India , London: John Murray. Pp. xvii, 526