Halaman ini menyajikan tabel periodik versi sel besar. Untuk masing-masing nama unsur, simbol, nomor atom, dan nilai rata-rata massa atom untuk komposisi isotop alami masing-masing unsur. Tabel periodik unsur kimia adalah metode tabular dalam penayangan unsur-unsur kimia .
Dua bentuk tata letak diturunkan dari dua bentuk presentasi grafis dari tabel periodik yang sama. Secara historis, ketika blok-f diidentifikasi, ia diletakkan di bawah tabel yang sekarang, dengan penanda untuk lokasi di dalam tabel (laman ini menggunakan noktah atau asterisk). Selain itu, penyajian yang umum adalah meletakkan 15 kolom lantanida dan aktinida di bawah, sementara blok f hanya memiliki 14 kolom. Lantanida dan aktinida kelima belas (paling kanan) adalah unsur blok-d , berada dalam golongan 3 , bersama dengan skandium dan yttrium .
Meskipun pendahulu tabel ini ada, penemuannya umumnya dikreditkan kepada kimiawan Rusia Dmitri Mendeleev pada tahun 1869. Mendeleev menciptakan tabel untuk menggambarkan tren keberulangan ("periodik") sifat-sifat unsur kimia. Tata letak tabel telah berkali-kali diperhalus dan dikembangkan, karena adanya unsur-unsur baru yang ditemukan, dan model teoretis baru telah dikembangkan untuk menjelaskan perilaku kimia. [ 1 ]
Content | |
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Tata letak 18 kolom | Tata letak 32 kolom |
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Tata letak 18 kolom
Tabel periodik (tata letak 18 kolom) | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Golongan → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
Logam
alkali |
Logam alkali tanah |
Golongan
boron |
Golongan
karbon |
Pniktogen | Kalkogen | Halogen | Gas mulia | ||||||||||||
CAS : | IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | |||
IUPAC lama: | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIII | IB | IIB | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | 0 | |||
↓
Periode
|
Hidrogen
1 H 1,008 |
→
nama unsur
nomor atom simbol berat atom standar (±) |
Helium
2 He 4,002602(2) |
||||||||||||||||
2 |
Litium
3 Li 6,94 |
Berilium
4 Be 9,0121831(5) |
Boron
5 B 10,81 |
Karbon
6 C 12,011 |
Nitrogen
7 N 14,007 |
Oksigen
8 O 15,999 |
Fluorin
9 F 18,998403163(6) |
Neon
10 Ne 20,1797(6) |
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3 |
Natrium
11 Na 22,98976928(2) |
Magnesium
12 Mg 24,305 |
Aluminium
13 Al 26,9815385(7) |
Silikon
14 Si 28,085 |
Fosforus
15 P 30,973761998(5) |
Belerang
16 S 32,06 |
Klorin
17 Cl 35,45 |
Argon
18 Ar 39,948(1) |
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4 |
Kalium
19 K 39,0983(1) |
Kalsium
20 Ca 40,078(4) |
Skandium
21 Sc 44,955908(5) |
Titanium
22 Ti 47,867(1) |
Vanadium
23 V 50,9415(1) |
Kromium
24 Cr 51,9961(6) |
Mangan
25 Mn 54,938044(3) |
Besi
26 Fe 55,845(2) |
Kobalt
27 Co 58,933194(4) |
Nikel
28 Ni 58,6934(4) |
Tembaga
29 Cu 63,546(3) |
Seng
30 Zn 65,38(2) |
Galium
31 Ga 69,723(1) |
Germanium
32 Ge 72,630(8) |
Arsen
33 As 74,921595(6) |
Selenium
34 Se 78,971(8) |
Bromin
35 Br 79,904 |
Kripton
36 Kr 83,798(2) |
|
5 |
Rubidium
37 Rb 85,.4678(3) |
Stronsium
38 Sr 87,62(1) |
Itrium
39 Y 88,90584(2) |
Zirkonium
40 Zr 91,224(2) |
Niobium
41 Nb 92,90637(2) |
Molibdenum
42 Mo 95,95(1) |
Teknesium
43 Tc [98] |
Rutenium
44 Ru 101,07(2) |
Rodium
45 Rh 102,90550(2) |
Paladium
46 Pd 106,42(1) |
Perak
47 Ag 107,8682(2) |
Kadmium
48 Cd 112,414(4) |
Indium
49 In 114,818(1) |
Timah
50 Sn 118,710(7) |
Antimon
51 Sb 121,760(1) |
Telurium
52 Te 127,60(3) |
Iodin
53 I 126,90447(3) |
Xenon
54 Xe 131,293(6) |
|
6 |
Sesium
55 Cs 132,90545196(6) |
Barium
56 Ba 137,327(7) |
Lantanum
57 La 138,90547(7) |
58–71 ![]() |
Hafnium
72 Hf 178,49(2) |
Tantalum
73 Ta 180,94788(2) |
Wolfram
74 W 183,84(1) |
Renium
75 Re 186,207(1) |
Osmium
76 Os 190,23(3) |
Iridium
77 Ir 192,217(3) |
Platina
78 Pt 195,084(9) |
Emas
79 Au 196,966569(5) |
Raksa
80 Hg 200,592(3) |
Talium
81 Tl 204,38 |
Timbal
82 Pb 207,2(1) |
Bismut
83 Bi 208,98040(1) |
Polonium
84 Po [209] |
Astatin
85 At [210] |
Radon
86 Rn [222] |
Fransium
87 Fr [223] |
Radium
88 Ra [226] |
Aktinium
89 Ac [227] |
90–103 ![]() |
Ruterfordium
104 Rf [267] |
Dubnium
105 Db [268] |
Seaborgium
106 Sg [269] |
Bohrium
107 Bh [270] |
Hasium
108 Hs [277] |
Meitnerium
109 Mt [278] |
Darmstadtium
110 Ds [281] |
Roentgenium
111 Rg [282] |
Kopernisium
112 Cn [285] |
Nihonium
113 Nh [286] |
Flerovium
114 Fl [289] |
Moskovium
115 Mc [290] |
Livermorium
116 Lv [293] |
Tenesin
117 Ts [294] |
Oganeson
118 Og [294] |
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Serium
58 Ce 140,116(1) |
Praseodimium
59 Pr 140,90766(2) |
Neodimium
60 Nd 144,242(3) |
Prometium
61 Pm [145] |
Samarium
62 Sm 150,36(2) |
Europium
63 Eu 151,964(1) |
Gadolinium
64 Gd 157,25(3) |
Terbium
65 Tb 158,92535(2) |
Disprosium
66 Dy 162,500(1) |
Holmium
67 Ho 164,93033(2) |
Erbium
68 Er 167,259(3) |
Tulium
69 Tm 168,93422(2) |
Iterbium
70 Yb 173,045(10) |
Lutesium
71 Lu 174,9668(1) |
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Torium
90 Th 232,0377(4) |
Protaktinium
91 Pa 231,03588(2) |
Uranium
92 U 238,02891(3) |
Neptunium
93 Np [237] |
Plutonium
94 Pu [244] |
Amerisium
95 Am [243] |
Kurium
96 Cm [247] |
Berkelium
97 Bk [247] |
Kalifornium
98 Cf [251] |
Einsteinium
99 Es [252] |
Fermium
100 Fm [257] |
Mendelevium
101 Md [258] |
Nobelium
102 No [259] |
Lawrensium
103 Lr [266] |
Legend
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Tata letak 32 kolom
Tabel periodik (Tata letak 32 kolom) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Golongan → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
Logam
alkali |
Logam alkali tanah |
Golongan
boron |
Golongan
karbon |
Pniktogen | Kalkogen | Halogen | Gas mulia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
CAS : | IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | ||||||||||||||||
IUPAC lama: | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIII | IB | IIB | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
↓ Periode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
1 |
Hidrogen
1 H 1,008 |
→
nama unsur
nomor atom simbol berat atom standar (±) |
Helium
2 He 4,002602(2) |
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
2 |
Lithium
3 Li 6,94 |
Berilium
4 Be 9,0121831(5) |
Boron
5 B 10,81 |
Karbon
6 C 12,011 |
Nitrogen
7 N 14,007 |
Oksigen
8 O 15,999 |
Fluor
9 F 18,998403163(6) |
Neon
10 Ne 20,1797(6) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
3 |
Natrium
11 Na 22,98976928(2) |
Magnesium
12 Mg 24,305 |
Aluminium
13 Al 26,9815385(7) |
Silikon
14 Si 28,085 |
Fosfor
15 P 30,973761998(5) |
Belerang
16 S 32,06 |
Klor
17 Cl 35,45 |
Argon
18 Ar 39,948(1) |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
4 |
Kalium
19 K 39,0983(1) |
Kalsium
20 Ca 40,078(4) |
Skandium
21 Sc 44,955908(5) |
Titanium
22 Ti 47,867(1) |
Vanadium
23 V 50,9415(1) |
Krom
24 Cr 51,9961(6) |
Mangan
25 Mn 54,938044(3) |
Besi
26 Fe 55,845(2) |
Kobalt
27 Co 58,933194(4) |
Nikel
28 Ni 58,6934(4) |
Tembaga
29 Cu 63,546(3) |
Seng
30 Zn 65,38(2) |
Galium
31 Ga 69,723(1) |
Germanium
32 Ge 72,630(8) |
Arsenik
33 As 74,921595(6) |
Selenium
34 Se 78,971(8) |
Brom
35 Br 79,904 |
Kripton
36 Kr 83,798(2) |
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5 |
Rubidium
37 Rb 85,4678(3) |
Stronsium
38 Sr 87,62(1) |
Yttrium
39 Y 88,90584(2) |
Zirkonium
40 Zr 91,224(2) |
Niobium
41 Nb 92,90637(2) |
Molibdenum
42 Mo 95,95(1) |
Teknesium
43 Tc [98] |
Ruthenium
44 Ru 101,07(2) |
Rhodium
45 Rh 102,90550(2) |
Paladium
46 Pd 106,42(1) |
Perak
47 Ag 107,8682(2) |
Kadmium
48 Cd 112,414(4) |
Indium
49 In 114,818(1) |
Timah
50 Sn 118,710(7) |
Antimon
51 Sb 121,760(1) |
Telurium
52 Te 127,60(3) |
Iod
53 I 126,90447(3) |
Xenon
54 Xe 131,293(6) |
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6 |
Cesium
55 Cs 132,90545196(6) |
Barium
56 Ba 137,327(7) |
Lantanum
57 La 138,90547(7) |
Cerium
58 Ce 140,116(1) |
Praseodymium
59 Pr 140,90766(2) |
Neodymium
60 Nd 144,242(3) |
Promethium
61 Pm [145] |
Samarium
62 Sm 150,36(2) |
Europium
63 Eu 151,964(1) |
Gadolinium
64 Gd 157,25(3) |
Terbium
65 Tb 158,92535(2) |
Dysprosium
66 Dy 162,500(1) |
Holmium
67 Ho 164,93033(2) |
Erbium
68 Er 167,259(3) |
Thulium
69 Tm 168,93422(2) |
Ytterbium
70 Yb 173,045(10) |
Lutetium
71 Lu 174,9668(1) |
Hafnium
72 Hf 178,49(2) |
Tantalum
73 Ta 180,94788(2) |
Tungsten
74 W 183,84(1) |
Rhenium
75 Re 186,207(1) |
Osmium
76 Os 190,23(3) |
Iridium
77 Ir 192,217(3) |
Platina
78 Pt 195,084(9) |
Emas
79 Au 196,966569(5) |
Raksa
80 Hg 200,592(3) |
Thallium
81 Tl 204,38 |
Timbal
82 Pb 207,2(1) |
Bismut
83 Bi 208,98040(1) |
Polonium
84 Po [209] |
Astatin
85 At [210] |
Radon
86 Rn [222] |
7 |
Fransium
87 Fr [223] |
Radium
88 Ra [226] |
Aktinium
89 Ac [227] |
Thorium
90 Th 232,0377(4) |
Protaktinium
91 Pa 231,03588(2) |
Uranium
92 U 238,02891(3) |
Neptunium
93 Np [237] |
Plutonium
94 Pu [244] |
Americium
95 Am [243] |
Curium
96 Cm [247] |
Berkelium
97 Bk [247] |
Californium
98 Cf [251] |
Einsteinium
99 Es [252] |
Fermium
100 Fm [257] |
Mendelevium
101 Md [258] |
Nobelium
102 No [259] |
Lawrencium
103 Lr [266] |
Rutherfordium
104 Rf [267] |
Dubnium
105 Db [268] |
Seaborgium
106 Sg [269] |
Bohrium
107 Bh [270] |
Hassium
108 Hs [269] |
Meitnerium
109 Mt [278] |
Darmstadtium
110 Ds [281] |
Roentgenium
111 Rg [282] |
Copernicium
112 Cn [285] |
Nihonium
113 Nh [286] |
Flerovium
114 Fl [289] |
Moscovium
115 Mc [289] |
Livermorium
116 Lv [293] |
Tennessine
117 Ts [294] |
Oganesson
118 Og [294] |
Legend
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Referensi
- IUPAC periodic table (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
- WebElements Periodic table (professional edition) (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
- Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001 , Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107–1122, 2003
- IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised Diarsipkan 2008-03-05 di Wayback Machine . (2005).
- IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry Third Edition
Catatan
- ^ "The periodic table of the elements" . International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry . 2007-07-22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-02-13 . Diakses tanggal 2008-02-08 .