Ensiklopedia

Kalmuk
Хальмгуд Halm'gud

Jumlah populasi
196,000
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Kalmykia ( Rusia )
Rusia	183,372 [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Ukraina	325 [ 3 ]
Kirgizstan	12,000 [ 4 ]
Bahasa
Kalmyk Oirat , Rusia
Agama
Kebanyakan Minoritas Kristen Ortodoks di Rusia [ 5 ] Mayoritas Islam Sunni di Kirgizstan Minorias Yudaisme di Belarus [ 6 ]
Kelompok etnik terkait
Mongol , khususnya Oirat

Kalmuk ( Kalmuk : Хальмгуд, Khal’mgud , Mongolia : Халимаг, Khalimag ) adalah sebuah di Rusia , yang leluhurnya bermigrasi dari Dzungaria pada 1607. Mereka membuat pada 1630–1724 di wilayah Kaukasus Utara Rusia. Sekarang, mereka membentuk mayoritas di republik otonomi Kalmykia di pesisir barat Laut Kaspia .

Melalui emigrasi , komunitas Kalmuk kecil berada di Amerika Serikat , Prancis , Jerman , dan Republik Ceko . ^{[ 7 ]}

• Vladimir Lenin ^{[ 8 ]}
• Ilya Ulyanov ^{[ 9 ]}
• Lavr Kornilov ^{[ 10 ]}

• — 1654-1661
• (Monchak) — 1661-1669
• — 1669-1724
• Khan — 1724-1735
• Khan — 1735-1741
• Khan — 1741-1761
• — 1761-1771

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• Anonymous. Donskaia Oblast, Donskoi Pervyi Okrug, Donskoi Vtoroi Okrug (translation: The Don Region, First Don District, Second Don District), Novyi Entsliklopedicheskii Solvar, XVI, 1914.
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• Arbakov, Dorzha. Genocide in the USSR, Chapter II, Complete Destruction of National Groups as Groups, The Kalmyks , Nikolai Dekker and Andrei Lebed, Editors, Series I, No. 40, Institute for the Study of the USSR, Munich, 1958.
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• Loewenthal, Rudolf. THE KALMUKS AND OF THE KALMUK ASSR: A Case in the Treatment of Minorities in the Soviet Union , External Research Paper No. 101, Office of Intelligence Research, Department of State, September 5, 1952.
• Millward, James A. (1998). Beyond the Pass: Economy, Ethnicity, and Empire in Qing Central Asia, 1759-1864 (Edisi illustrated). Stanford University Press. ISBN 0804729336 . Diakses tanggal 2014-03-10 .
• Pallas, Peter Simon. Sammlungen Historischer Nachrichten über die Mongolischen Völkerschaften pada Google Books , 2 vols., St. Petersburg: Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1776.
• Pelliot, Paul. Notes sur le Turkestan , T'oung Pao, XXVII, 1930.
• Poppe, Nicholas N. The Mongolian Language Handbook , Center for Applied Linguistics, 1970.
• Pozdneev, A.M. Kalmytskoe Verouchenie , Entsiklopedicheskii Slovar Brokgauz-Efrona, XIV, St. Petersburg, 1914.
• Riasanovsky, V.A. Customary Law of the Mongol Tribes (Mongols, Buriats, Kalmucks) , Harbin, 1929
• Williamson, H.N.H. FAREWELL TO THE DON: The Russian Revolution in the Journals of Brigadier H.N.H. Williamson , John Harris, Editor, The John Day Company, New York, 1970.
• Wang Jinglan, Shao Xingzhou, Cui Jing et al. Anthropological survey on the Mongolian Tuerhute tribe in He shuo county, Xinjiang Uigur autonomous region // Acta anthropologica sinica. Vol. XII, № 2. May, 1993. pp. 137–146.
• Williamson, Hudleston Noel Hedworth (1970). Farewell to the Don: The Journal of Brigadier H. N. H. Williamson . Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-211164-5 .
• Санчиров В. П. О Происхождении этнонима торгут и народа, носившего это название // Монголо-бурятские этнонимы: cб. ст. – Улан-Удэ: БНЦ СО РАН, 1996. C. 31–50.
• Galushkin S.K., Spitsyn V.A., Crawford M.H. Genetic Structure of Mongolic-speaking Kalmyks // Human Biology, December 2001, v.73, no. 6, pp. 823–834.
• Хойт С.К. Генетическая структура европейских ойратских групп по локусам ABO, RH, HP, TF, GC, ACP1, PGM1, ESD, GLO1, SOD-A // Проблемы этнической истории и культуры тюрко-монгольских народов. Сборник научных трудов. Вып. I. Элиста: КИГИ РАН, 2009. с. 146–183.
• [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2008_r.htm Хойт С.К. Антропологические характеристики калмыков по данным исследователей XVIII–XIX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 1. Элиста: Изд-во КГУ, 2008. с. 220–243.]
• [hamagmongol.narod.ru/library/khoyt_2012_r.htm Хойт С.К. Калмыки в работах антропологов первой половины XX вв. // Вестник Прикаспия: археология, история, этнография. № 3, 2012. с. 215–245.]

• Minorityrights.org
• The Construction of a Yurt
• Khoshotovsky Monastery Reconstruction Project
• "Carte de Tartarie," by Guillaume de L'Isle (1675–1726). From the Map Collection of the Library of Congress
• Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Russia (Europe)
• BBC News Regions and Territories: Kalmykia
• Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of China
• Kalmyk-Oirat: A Language of Mongolia
• Prayer Profile: The Kalmyk of Russia
• Kalmyk. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 7, 2006.
• History of Kalmykia. Retrieved from Official Web Site of the Government of the Republic of Kalmykia Diarsipkan 2011-07-19 di Wayback Machine .
• Трагедия Великой Степи (Tragedy of Great Steppe) Diarsipkan 2006-08-18 di Wayback Machine .
• Genetic Evidence for the Mongolian Ancestry of Kalmyks, American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 126 (2005)
• ibid., p7.
• Official Web Site of the Embassy of Republic of Kalmykia at the President of the Russian Federation.
• Dge-lugs-pa. (2006). Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
• Tibetan Buddhism. The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition. 2001–05. Retrieved March 6, 2006.
• History of Buddhism in West Turkistan
• Linguistic Lineage for Kalmyk-Oirat
• Kalmyk News Agency
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• Kalmyk Brotherhood Society, Philadelphia, PA Diarsipkan 2007-02-09 di Wayback Machine .
• Kalmyk American Society
• Kalmuck Mongolian Buddhist Center, Howell, NJ Diarsipkan 2013-03-06 di Wayback Machine .
• Kalmyk tales in Kalmyk language Diarsipkan 2007-09-27 di Wayback Machine .