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|
Biografi | |
---|---|
Kelahiran |
25 Juli 1895
![]() Saratov ![]() |
Kematian |
9 Juli 1957
![]() Saratov ![]() |
Tempat pemakaman |
Bolshevo Cemetery
(en)
![]() ![]() |
Data pribadi | |
Pendidikan |
Saratov State University
(en)
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Kegiatan | |
Spesialisasi |
Botani
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Pekerjaan |
ahli botani
,
geneticist
(en)
![]() ![]() |
Bekerja di |
Federal Research Center "N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources"
(en)
![]() ![]() |
Karya kreatif | |
Barulina
![]() |
|
Keluarga | |
Pasangan nikah |
Nikolai Vavilov
(1926–)
![]() |
Anak |
Jurij Nikolajevič Vavilov
![]() |
Elena Ivanovna Barulina (Rusia: Елена Ивановна Барулина; 25 Juli 1895 – 9 Juli 1957) [ 1 ] adalah ahli botani dan genetika asal Rusia dan Uni Soviet yang dikenal atas penelitian awalnya mengenai tanaman lentil dan kerabat liarnya. Pada 1930, ia menerbitkan peta pertama sebaran internasional tanaman tersebut dalam monograf setebal 317 halaman yang kemudian menjadi rujukan utama bagi para peneliti. Singkatan resmi "Barulina" digunakan untuk mencantumkan namanya sebagai penulis ketika mengutip nama botani.
Kehidupan awal
Barulina lahir pada 1895 di Saratov , sebuah pelabuhan besar di Sungai Volga . Ayahnya bekerja sebagai manajer di pelabuhan. Setelah lulus dari gimnasium pada 1913 dengan medali perak, ia melanjutkan studi di Fakultas Agronomi Universitas Saratov. [ 2 ]
Karier
Salah satu dosennya, ahli botani dan geografer Rusia Nikolai Vavilov , merekomendasikan Barulina untuk melanjutkan pendidikan pascasarjana dan kemudian mengajaknya ke St. Petersburg saat Vavilov menjabat Direktur Biro Botani Terapan (sekarang Institut Industri Tanaman Vavilov). Di sana, Barulina menjadi asisten kepala stasiun benih eksperimental milik lembaga tersebut. Pada 1926, Barulina menikah dengan Vavilov. [ 3 ]
Barulina dikenal sebagai pakar lentil di pusat penelitian tersebut. [ 4 ] Ia mengklasifikasikan tanaman ini ke dalam enam kelompok. [ 5 ] Berdasarkan spesies liar yang ditemukan bersama kultivar awal , ia menyimpulkan bahwa lentil budidaya modern ( Lens culinaris ) berasal dari spesies liar Lens orientalis (kini umumnya diklasifikasikan sebagai L. culinaris subsp. orientalis). [ 6 ]
Pada 1930, Barulina menerbitkan monograf setebal 319 halaman berjudul Lentils of U.S.S.R. and of other countries sebagai suplemen Bulletin of Applied Botany. [ 7 ] Karya ini menjadi rujukan utama penelitian lentil dan merupakan publikasi pertama yang memetakan sebaran internasional berbagai spesies lentil. [ 8 ] [ 9 ]
Pada 1937, ia merangkum kembali penelitiannya tentang lentil dalam Volume IV Flore des Plantes cultivées.
Selain penelitian ilmiah tentang lentil, Barulina juga memimpin ekspedisi pengumpulan tanaman ke Crimea pada 1923 dan ke Georgia pada 1933. [ 10 ] Ia turut terlibat dalam berbagai penelitian lain di lembaga tersebut. Sebagai salah satu ahli genetika terkemuka di institut, kajiannya tidak hanya terbatas pada tanaman lentil. [ 11 ] Nama "Barulina" tercatat sebagai penulis resmi dalam penamaan ilmiah botani. [ 12 ]
Referensi
-
^
"Author Details"
.
International Plant Names Index
. 2005
. Diakses tanggal
27 January
2019
.
Barulina, E.I. (1895–1957)
-
^
Pringle, Peter (2008).
The murder of Nikolai Vavilov: the story of Stalin's persecution of one of the great scientists of the twentieth century
. Simon & Schuster.
ISBN
978-1-4165-6602-1
.
She was a twenty-two-year-old native of Saratov, named Yelena Barulina…Her father was of peasant origin and had been a manager in the port. Yelena had graduated from Saratov First Women's Gymnasium in 1913 with a silver medal and was in her third year at the Faculty of Agronomy when Vavilov arrived. As she was a top student, Vavilov would recommend her for postgraduate work and also make her an assistant head of the institute's experimental seed station.
-
^
Cokkizgin, Alihan (2013).
"Lentil: Origin, Cultivation Techniques, Utilization and Advances in Transformation"
.
Agricultural Science
.
1
(1):
55–
62.
CiteSeerX
10.1.1.685.9973
.
doi
:
10.12735/as.v1i1p55
. Diakses tanggal
28 January
2019
.
The most detailed and complete study of the cultivated lentil was made by Barulina (1930).
-
^
"Lentils: History through a lens"
. Crop Trust. 7 December 2018
. Diakses tanggal
27 January
2019
.
Vavilov's second wife, Elena Barulina, was the leading lentil researcher and made an extensive study of the collection, recognizing the great diversity of the crop and its wild relatives.
-
^
Erskine, W. (10 May 1997).
"Harlan Symposium"
.
The Origins of Agriculture and Crop Domestication
. Aleppo, Syria: Bioversity International.
Following widespread collecting and evaluation of landraces in the 1920s, Barulina (1930) classified the assembled variation into six groups (grex varietatum), each of which was geographically differentiated and also characterized by a complex of morphological characters, mainly qualitative, common within a group but differing in other groups.
-
^
Yadav, Shyam S. (8 September 2007).
Lentil: An Ancient Crop for Modern Times
. Springer Science & Business Media. hlm. 4.
ISBN
978-1402063138
.
[Barulina and others] claimed that L. orientalis is the progenitor of the cultivated species (L. culinaris) based on the fact that the wild species were found in the fields of the farmers where lentil crops were cultivated in the Middle East.
-
^
Carles, J (1939). "Les lentilles" [Lentils].
Bulletin Mensuel de la Société Linnéenne de Lyon
(dalam bahasa French).
8
(6):
146–
153.
doi
:
10.3406/linly.1939.9524
.
Nous utilisons le remarquable ouvrage d'Helena BARULINA: Lentils of U.S.S.R. and of other countries, 1930...Le spécialiste des Lentilles est Mme Helena BARULINA. Dés 1930, elle publiait, en supplément au Bulletin of Applied Botany , un volume de plus de 300 pages sur les Lentilles ( Lentils of U.S.S.R. and of other countries ) quelle a résumé, en 1937, dans le tome IV de la Flore des Plantes cultivées.
Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui ( link ) -
^
Zohary, Daniel (1972). "The Wild Progenitor and the Place of Origin of the Cultivated Lentil: Lens Culinaris".
Economic Botany
.
26
(4):
326–
332.
doi
:
10.1007/BF02860702
.
JSTOR
4253374
.
S2CID
12631668
.
Economic botanists still refer to the classic monograph of Barulina (1930) as their standard guide to lentils
-
^
Ladizinsky, Gideon; Abbo, Shahal (1990).
"Wild lentils of central Asia"
(PDF)
. Wageningen University
. Diakses tanggal
27 January
2019
.
Barulina (1930) was the first to present a map of lentil species distribution, including subsp. orientalis, which was treated by her as an independent species, L. orientalis. That map shows subsp. orientalis to be particularly common in the region between the Amu Dar'ya and Syr Dar'ya rivers of central Asia.
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^
"Biography of Nikolai I. Vavilov: Major Collecting Missions Accomplished by N.I.Vavilov's Associates"
.
. Diakses tanggal
27 January
2019
.
1923 Expedition of E.I.Barulina to Crimea (Ukraine)…1933 Expedition of E.I.Barulina to Georgia (USSR).
-
^
Corinto, Gian Luigi (2014).
"Nikolai Vavilov's Centers of Origin of Cultivated Plants With a View to Conserving Agricultural Biodiversity"
.
Human Evolution
.
29
(4):
285–
301
. Diakses tanggal
27 January
2019
.
His wife, Elena Ivanova Barulina, a leading geneticist, made direct comparisons between the samples of vetch and grass pea originating from Iran and discovered that there was such a strong resemblance between them that even experts had difficulty distinguishing the seeds of the two species.
- ^ IPNI "Barulina"