Ajivika ( IAST : Ājīvika ) adalah salah satu aliran nāstika atau "heterodoks" dari filsafat India . [ 7 ] [ 8 ] Diyakini didirikan pada abad ke-5 SM oleh , aliran tersebut adalah sebuah gerakan dan pesaing besar dari , Buddhisme awal dan Jainisme . [ 9 ]
Catatan
- ^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 278. ISBN 9781317538530 .
- ^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 279. ISBN 9781317538530 .
- ^ Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (dalam bahasa Inggris). Routledge. hlm. 281. ISBN 9781317538530 .
- ^ British Museum catalogue
- ^ British Museum catalogue
- ^ Marianne Yaldiz, Herbert Härtel, Along the Ancient Silk Routes: Central Asian Art from the West Berlin State Museums; an Exhibition Lent by the Museum Für Indische Kunst, Staatliche Museen Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1982, p. 78
- ^ Natalia Isaeva (1993), Shankara and Indian Philosophy, State University of New York Press, ISBN 978-0791412817 , pages 20-23
- ^ James Lochtefeld, "Ajivika", The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism , Vol. 1: A–M, Rosen Publishing. ISBN 978-0823931798 , page 22
- ^ Jeffrey D Long (2009), Jainism: An Introduction, Macmillan, ISBN 978-1845116255 , page 199
Referensi
- Basham, A.L. (1951). History and Doctrines of the Ājīvikas (Edisi 2nd). Delhi, India: Moltilal Banarsidass (Reprint: 2002). ISBN 81-208-1204-2 . ; originally published by Luzac & Company Ltd., London, 1951.
- Balcerowicz, Piotr (2015). Early Asceticism in India: Ājīvikism and Jainism (Edisi 1st). Routledge. hlm. 368. ISBN 9781317538530 .
- Jayatilleke, K.N. (1963). Early Buddhist Theory of Knowledge (Edisi 1st). London: George Allen & Unwin Ltd. hlm. 524. Diarsipkan dari asli (PDF) tanggal 2018-12-24 . Diakses tanggal 2019-09-09 . ;
- Warder, Anthony K. (1998). "Lokayata, Ajivaka, and Ajnana Philosophy". A Course in Indian Philosophy (Edisi 2nd). Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. hlm. 32– 44. ISBN 9788120812444 .
Pranala luar
- Doctrines and History of the Ajivikas Diarsipkan 2005-12-15 di Wayback Machine ., University of Cumbria, UK
- The Ajivikas B.M. Barua (1920), University of Calcutta, West Bengal
- A New Account of the Relations between Mahavira and Gosala , Helen M. Johnson, The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 47, No. 1 (1926), pages 74–82
- Rock-cut cave halls of Ajivikas Diarsipkan 2015-07-19 di Wayback Machine . Government of Bihar , India
- Ajivikas in Malhar, South Kosala , Inscriptions and artwork related to Ajivikas in Chhattisgarh , India, by Ed Murphy (Harvard Law School)
- Ajivakas in Manimekhalai , Rao Bahadur Aiyangar (Translated from Tamil), Madras University, pages 54–57
- Ajivaka Diarsipkan 2018-04-14 di Wayback Machine ., A New Dictionary of Religions, Blackwell Reference (1995), Editor: John R Hinnells