|
Al-Qa'idah
القاعدة |
|
|---|---|
Bendera hitam yang digunakan oleh berbagai faksi al-Qaeda |
|
| Pemimpin |
Osama bin Laden
(1988–2011)
Ayman al-Zawahiri (2011–2022) ( de facto; 2022-Sekarang) |
| Waktu operasi | 1988–Sekarang |
| Kelompok |
[
1
]
[
2
]
[
3
]
Qutbisme [ 4 ] Pan Islamisme [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ] [ 8 ] [ 9 ] |
| Wilayah operasi | Seluruh dunia (mayoritas di Timur Tengah ) |
| Sekutu | |
| Lawan |
Amerika Serikat
Pakistan
Pakta Pertahanan Atlantik Utara
Pasukan Bantuan Keamanan Internasional
Qatar
Irak
Suriah
Iran
Afganistan
Turki
Yaman
Indonesia
Mesir
Aljazair
Hizbullah
[
12
]
Negara Islam Irak dan Syam
|
| Pertempuran dan perang | Perang Dunia atas Konflik proksi Iran–Arab Saudi Konflik proksi Israel–Iran Terorisme , Perang Afganistan , Perang Irak , dan Musim Semi Arab |
Al-Qaeda ( pengucapan bahasa Inggris: [ælˈkaɪdə] atau [ælˈkeɪdə] ; bahasa Arab : القاعدة , translit. Al-Qāʿidah , har. 'kaidah, fondasi atau dasar') adalah suatu organisasi paramiliter jihad yang salah satu tujuan utamanya adalah mengurangi pengaruh luar terhadap kepentingan Islam. Al-Qaeda ini adalah organisasi teroris internasional oleh Amerika Serikat , Israel , PBB , Uni Eropa , Britania Raya , Kanada , Uni Emirat Arab , Jepang , Korea Selatan , India , Australia , Arab Saudi
Al Qaeda didirikan dan dibentuk oleh Osama Bin Laden , Abdullah Azzam , dan beberapa sukarelawan Arab lainnya dengan tujuan menggalang kekuatan.
Referensi
- ^ Moghadam, Assaf (2008). The Globalization of Martyrdom: Al Qaeda, and the Diffusion of Suicide Attacks . Johns Hopkins University. hlm. 48 . ISBN 978-0-8018-9055-0 .
- ^ Livesey, Bruce (January 25, 2005). "Special Reports&nbs; Al Qaeda's New Front" . PBS Frontline . WGBH educational foundation . Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011 .
- ^ Geltzer, Joshua A. (2011). US Counter-Terrorism Strategy and al-Qaeda: Signalling and the Terrorist World-View (Edisi Reprint). Routledge. hlm. 83 . ISBN 978-0415664523 .
- ^ Wright, Looming Tower , 2006, p. 79
- ^ "The Future of Terrorism: What al-Qaida Really Wants" . Der Spiegel . September 11, 2001. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal March 7, 2012 . Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011 .
- ^ "Al-Qaeda seeks global dominance" . The Daily Telegraph . London. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal January 12, 2012. Diarsipkan 2012-01-12 di Wayback Machine .
- ^ "Jihadists Want Global Caliphate" . ThePolitic.com. July 27, 2005. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2011-09-30 . Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011 .
- ^ Pike, John. "Al-Qaida" . Globalsecurity.org . Diakses tanggal October 18, 2011 .
- ^ Burke, Jason (March 21, 2004). "What exactly does al-Qaeda want?" . The Guardian . London.
- ^ Khalaf, Rhoula. "How Qatar seized control of the Syrian revolution" . FT Magazine . Diakses tanggal February 5, 2014 .
- ^ Thompson, Mark. "Africa - Is Qatar fuelling the crisis in north Mali?" . France 24 . Diakses tanggal 29 April 2014 .
- ^ Mortada, Radwan (19 May 2014). "Hezbollah fighters and the "jihadis:" Mad, drugged, homicidal, and hungry" . al-Akhbar English . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2014-07-07 . Diakses tanggal 9 June 2014 .
Lihat pula
Bacaan lanjutan
- Bibliography
- (2010). Talking to the Enemy: Faith, Brotherhood, and the (un)making of Terrorists . New York: Ecco Press. ISBN 978-0-06-134490-9 .
- Atwan, Abdel Bari (2006). The Secret History of al Qaeda . Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-24974-5 .
- Basile, Mark (May 2004). "Going to the Source: Why Al Qaeda's Financial Network Is Likely to Withstand the Current War on Terrorist Financing". . 27 (3): 169– 185. doi : 10.1080/10576100490438237 .
- ; Simon, Steven (2002). The Age of Sacred Terror (Edisi 1st). New York: Random House. ISBN 0-375-50859-7 .
- (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (Edisi 1st). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-3495-2 .
- Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader (Edisi 2nd). New York: Free Press. ISBN 0-7432-7892-5 .
- Bergen, Peter; Cruickshank, Paul (June 11, 2008). "The Unraveling: The jihadist revolt against bin Laden" . The New Republic . Vol. 238, no. 10. hlm. 16– 21 . Diakses tanggal May 4, 2011 .
- Bergen, Peter (2011). The Longest War: The Enduring Conflict between America and al-Qaeda . New York: Free Press. ISBN 978-0-7432-7893-5 .
- Bin Laden, Osama (2005). (ed.). Messages to the World: The Statements of Osama bin Laden . London: Verso. ISBN 1-84467-045-7 .
- (2006). Counterinsurgency and the Global War on Terror: Military Culture and Irregular War . Westport, CT: Praeger Security International. ISBN 0-275-98990-9 .
- (2005). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (Edisi 2nd). New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 0-14-303466-9 .
- (2002). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam . New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-515435-5 .
- (2002). Inside Al Qaeda (Edisi 1st). London: C. Hurst & Co. ISBN 1-85065-671-1 .
- (March 2007). "Martyrdom Mythology in Iraq: How Jihadists Frame Suicide Terrorism in Videos and Biographies". . 19 (1): 95– 115. doi : 10.1080/09546550601054873 .
- (2002). "The Emergence of the New Terrorism". Dalam Tan, Andrew; Ramakrishna, Kumar (ed.). The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends, and Counter-Strategies . Singapore: Eastern Universities Press. hlm. 30 –49. ISBN 981-210-210-8 .
- Jansen, Johannes J.G. (1997). The Dual Nature of Islamic Fundamentalism . Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press. ISBN 0-8014-3338-X .
- McGeary, Johanna (February 19, 2001). "A Traitor's Tale" . TIME . Vol. 157, no. 7. hlm. 36– 37. Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2009-02-09 . Diakses tanggal September 15, 2009 . ; Diarsipkan 2009-02-09 di Wayback Machine .
- (2003). Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars Behind the Terror Networks . London: Pluto Press. ISBN 0-7453-2117-8 .
- Qutb, Sayyid (2003). Milestones . Chicago: Kazi Publications. ISBN 0-911119-42-6 .
- Rashid, Ahmed (2002) [2000]. Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia . New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 1-86064-830-4 .
- (1999). The New Jackals: Ramzi Yousef, Osama Bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism . Boston: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1-55553-407-4 .
- (2008). The Search for al Qaeda: Its Leadership, Ideology, and Future . Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press. ISBN 978-0-8157-7414-3 .
- (2004). Understanding Terror Networks . Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. ISBN 0-8122-3808-7 .
- (2006). Faith At War: A Journey On the Frontlines of Islam, From Baghdad to Timbuktu . New York: Picador. ISBN 978-0-8050-7754-4 .
- Wechsler, William F. (2001). "Strangling The Hydra: Targeting Al Qaeda's Finances". Dalam ; Rose, Gideon (ed.). How Did This Happen? Terrorism and the New War . New York: PublicAffairs. hlm. 129 –143. ISBN 1-58648-130-4 .
- Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11 . New York: Knopf. ISBN 0-375-41486-X .
- Wright, Lawrence (June 2, 2008). "The Rebellion Within" . The New Yorker . Vol. 84, no. 16. hlm. 36– 53 . Diakses tanggal September 15, 2009 .
- Reviews
- Akacem, Mohammed (August 2005). "Review: Modern Jihad: Tracing the Dollars behind the Terror Networks" . . 37 (3): 444– 445. doi : 10.1017/S0020743805362143 .
- Bale, Jeffrey M. (October 2006). "Deciphering Islamism and Terrorism". Middle East Journal . 60 (4): 777– 788.
- Government reports
- Kronstadt, K. Allen; Katzman, Kenneth (November 2008). "Islamist Militancy in the Pakistan-Afghanistan Border Region and U.S. Policy" (PDF) . .
- Subcommittee on Terrorism, Nonproliferation, and Trade of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives (July 18, 2013). "Global Al-Qaeda: Affiliates, Objectives, and Future Challenges" (PDF) . . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal November 22, 2013. Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list ( link )
- White House (September 2003). "Progress Report on the Global War on Terrorism" . United States Department of State . Diarsipkan dari asli tanggal 2003-09-22 . Diakses tanggal 2014-01-18 . ;
Pranala luar
| Cari tahu mengenai Al-Qaeda pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
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Gambar dan media
dari Commons
|
|
Berita
dari Wikinews
|
|
Kutipan
dari Wikiquote
|
- U.S. Dept. of Justice, Al Qaeda Training Manual di www.usdoj.gov Galat: URL arsip tidak dikenal (diarsipkan tanggal 20050331091340)
- Al-Qaeda in Oxford Islamic Studies Online
- Decade After 9/11, Al-Qaeda in Shambles
- 17 de-classified documents captured during the Abbottabad raid and released to the Combating Terrorism Center Diarsipkan 2012-05-05 di Wayback Machine .
- Bin Laden documents at a glance
- Media
- . (2007). " War on the West ". Age of Terror , No. 4, series 1. BBC.
- Investigating Al-Qaeda , BBC News
- (2004). The Power of Nightmares . BBC.
- Al Qaeda's New Front from , January 2005
- Inside al Qaeda – video report by National Geographic
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