Pengendalian perbatasan adalah alat yang dipakai oleh sebuah negara atau sebuah blok negara untuk memantau perbatasan -perbatasan mereka [ 1 ] dalam rangka mengatur pergerakan amnsuai, hewan dan barang.
Sejarah
Negara-negara dan para penguasa selalu mendorong kemampuan untuk menentukan siapa orang yang masih atau bertahap di wilayah mereka sebagai uji coba penting dari kedaulatan mereka. Namun sebelum Perang Dunia I , kontrol perbatasan hanya diimplementasikan secara sporadis. [ 2 ]
Catatan
Referensi
- ^ [1]
- ^ Keynes, John Maynard (1920). "II Europe Before the War". The Economic Consequences of the Peace . New York: Harcourt Brace.
Bacaan tambahan
- Susan Harbage Page & Inéz Valdez (17 April 2011). "Residues of Border Control" , Southern Spaces
- (2014). "Faces of Globalization and the Borders of States: From Asylum Seekers to Citizens" . Citizenship Studies . 18 (2): 208– 23.
- Desmond King, Patrick Le Galès & Tommaso Vitale (2017). " Assimilation, Security, and Borders in the Member States ", in Desmond King & Patrick Le Galès (eds), Reconfiguring European States in Crisis, Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp. 428–450. ISBN 9-780-19879337-3.
- Philippe Legrain (2007). Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them , Little Brown, ISBN 0-316-73248-6
- Aristide Zolberg (2006). A Nation by Design: Immigration Policy in the Fashioning of America , Harvard University Press, ISBN 0-674-02218-1
- Philippe Legrain (2007). Immigrants: Your Country Needs Them , Little Brown, ISBN 0-316-73248-6
- Ruben Rumbaut & Walter Ewing (Spring 2007). "The Myth of Immigrant Criminality and the Paradox of Assimilation: Incarceration Rates among Native and Foreign-Born Men" , The Immigration Policy Center.
- Bryan Balin (2008). State Immigration Legislation and Immigrant Flows: An Analysis The Johns Hopkins University
- Douglas S. Massey (September 2005). "Beyond the Border Buildup: Towards a New Approach to Mexico-U.S. Migration" , Immigration Policy Center, the American Immigration Law Foundation
- IPC Special Report (November 2005). "Economic Growth & Immigration: Bridging the Demographic Divide" , Immigration Policy Center, the American Immigration Law Foundation
- American Immigration Council (April 2014). "Immigrant Women in the United States: A Demographic Portrait"
- Jill Esbenshade (Summer 2007). "Division and Dislocation: Regulating Immigration through Local Housing Ordinances" . American Immigration Council
- Jeffrey S. Passel & Roberto Suro (September 2005). "Rise, Peak and Decline: Trends in U.S. Immigration" . Pew Hispanic Center
- Jeffrey S. Passel (March 2005). "Estimates of the Size and Characteristics of the Undocumented Population" . Pew Hispanic Center
- Jeffrey S. Passel (March 2007). "Growing Share of Immigrants Choosing Naturalization" . Pew Hispanic Center