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Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
First Lady of the United States |
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|---|---|
| Gelar |
Madam First Lady
Mrs. Trump |
| Singkatan | FLOTUS |
| Kediaman | Gedung Putih |
| Pejabat perdana | Martha Washington |
| Dibentuk | 30 April 1789 |
| Situs web | whitehouse.gov |
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Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat ( bahasa Inggris : First Lady of the United States , disingkat FLOTUS ) adalah gelar yang dipegang oleh pramutamu wanita Gedung Putih , biasanya istri dari presiden Amerika Serikat , dan berlangung selama masa jabatan presiden tersebut. Meskipun peran ibu negara tidak pernah dikodifikasi atau didefinisikan secara resmi, ia menonjol dalam kehidupan politik dan sosial bangsa. [ 1 ]
Melania Trump adalah ibu negara Amerika Serikat sekarang, dan merupakan istri dari presiden ke-45 dan ke-47 Amerika Serikat, Donald Trump .
Daftar Ibu Negara Amerika Serikat
Referensi
- ^ Caroli, Betty Boyd. "First Lady: United States title" . Encyclopædia Britannica . Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 15, 2019 . Diakses tanggal September 30, 2016 .
Bacaan lanjutan
- Jeanne E. Abrams. First Ladies of the Republic: Martha Washington, Abigail Adams, Dolley Madison, and the Creation of an Iconic American Role . New York New York University Press, 2018. ISBN 978-1-4798-8653-1 .
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Anthony, Carl Sferrazza (1992).
First Ladies: The Saga of the Presidents Wives and Their Power 1789–1961
. New York: Quill/William Morrow.
ISBN
978-0-688-11272-1
.
excerpt and text search
- Bailey, Tim (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies on Twentieth-Century Issues: A Common Core Unit" . History Now . 35 . Curriculum unit based on primary sources.
- Berkin, Carol, ed. (Spring 2013). "America's First Ladies" . History Now . 35 . Popular essays by scholars.
- Böck, Magdalena (2009). The Role of First Ladies: A Comparison Between the US and Europe (edisi ke-eBook). Munich: GRIN Verlag. ISBN 978-3-640-42153-4 .
- Brower, Kate Andersen (2016). First Women: The Grace and Power of America's Modern First Ladies . New York: Harper. ISBN 978-0-06-243965-9 .
- Caroli, Betty Boyd. "The Role of First Lady" in Graff, Henry F., ed. The presidents: A Reference History (3rd ed. 2002) online
- Deppisch, Ludwig M. (2015). The Health of the First Ladies: Medical Histories from Martha Washington to Michelle Obama . McFarland.
- Hummer, Jill Abraham. First Ladies and American Women: In Politics and at Home (UP of Kansas, 2017); 269 pages;
- Lugo-Lugo, Carmen R.; Bloodsworth-Lugo, Mary K. (2011). "Bare Biceps and American (In) Security: Post-9/11 Constructions of Safe(ty), Threat, and the First Black First Lady". Women's Studies Quarterly . 39 (1): 200–217. doi : 10.1353/wsq.2011.0030 . On media images of Michelle Obama.
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Pastan, Amy (2008).
First Ladies
. London: DK.
ISBN
978-0-7894-7398-1
.
Heavily illustrated.
- Roberts, John B. (2004). Rating The First Ladies: The Women Who Influenced the Presidency (edisi ke-2nd). New York: Citadel Press. ISBN 978-0-8065-2608-9 . excerpt and text search
- Schwartz, Marie Jenkins. Ties That Bound: Founding First Ladies and Slaves (U of Chicago Press, 2017), 420 pp.
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Troy, Gil (1997).
Affairs of State The Rise and Rejection of the Presidential Couple Since World War II
.
By a leading political historian.
- Truman, Margaret (1996). First Ladies: An Intimate Group Portrait of White House Wives . New York: Facett Columbine. ISBN 978-0-449-22323-9 . excerpt and text search
- Watson, Robert P. (2003). "Toward the Study of the First Lady: The State of Scholarship". Presidential Studies Quarterly . 33 (2): 423–441. doi : 10.1111/j.1741-5705.2003.tb00038.x .
Pranala luar
- Alphabetical List of First Ladies of the United States – Library of Congress website
- Office of the First Lady – WhiteHouse.gov
- First Lady's Gallery – WhiteHouse.gov
- The National First Ladies' Library
- The First Ladies at the Smithsonian – an online exhibition from the , Smithsonian Institution
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