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Ringkasan
Deskripsi
Pat Morita 1971 publicity photo.jpg
English:
This is an original press photo. Pat Morita will be headlining at Mister Kelly's along with Brothers Cain. Intended for publication in the February 12, 1971
Chicago Sun-Times
.
As stated by film production expert Eve Light Honthaner in
The Complete Film Production Handbook
, (Focal Press, 2001 p. 211.):
"Publicity photos (star headshots) have traditionally not been copyrighted. Since they are disseminated to the public, they are generally considered public domain, and therefore clearance by the studio that produced them is not necessary."
Nancy Wolff,כהיךכתצדל
includes a similar explanation:
"There is a vast body of photographs, including but not limited to publicity stills, that have no notice as to who may have created them." (
The Professional Photographer's Legal Handbook
By Nancy E. Wolff, Allworth Communications, 2007, p. 55.)
Film industry author Gerald Mast, in
Film Study and the Copyright Law
(1989) p. 87, writes:
"According to the old copyright act, such production stills were not automatically copyrighted as part of the film and required separate copyrights as photographic stills. The new copyright act similarly excludes the production still from automatic copyright but gives the film's copyright owner a five-year period in which to copyright the stills. Most studios have never bothered to copyright these stills because they were happy to see them pass into the public domain, to be used by as many people in as many publications as possible."
Kristin Thompson, committee chairperson of the
writes in the conclusion of a 1993 conference with cinema scholars and editors, that they "expressed the opinion that it is not necessary for authors to request permission to reproduce frame enlargements. . . [and] some trade presses that publish educational and scholarly film books also take the position that permission is not necessary for reproducing frame enlargements and publicity photographs."
Public domain
Public domain
false
false
Karya ini adalah
ranah publik
di Amerika Serikat karena ini
diterbitkan
di Amerika Serikat antara 1930 dan 1977, termasuk,
tanpa
peringatan hak cipta
. Untuk penjelasan lebih lanjut, lihat
Hirtle chart
dan juga
penjelasan mendetail
tentang "penerbitan" untuk kesenian publik. Harap diperhatikan bahwa bahwa itu mungkin masih memiliki hak cipta di wilayah hukum di mana
aturan jangka terpendek
untuk karya dari Amerika Serikat (tergantung pada tanggal kematian penulis) tidak berlaku, semisal Kanada (70 tahun
sejak kematian penulis
), Tiongkok Daratan (50 tahun sejak kematian penulis, tidak termasuk Hong Kong atau Makau), Jerman (70 sejak kematian penulis), Meksiko (100 tahun sejak kematian penulis), Swiss (70 tahun sejak kematian penulis), dan negara-negara lain dengan perjanjian tersendiri.
Berkas ini mengandung informasi tambahan yang mungkin ditambahkan oleh kamera digital atau pemindai yang digunakan untuk membuat atau mendigitalisasi berkas. Jika berkas ini telah mengalami modifikasi, rincian yang ada mungkin tidak secara penuh merefleksikan informasi dari gambar yang sudah dimodifikasi ini.
Orientasi
Normal
Tanggal dan waktu perubahan berkas
19 Maret 2013 00.21
ID unik gambar
6282176D68FA4158A20014CE624A35C3
Perangkat lunak
Microsoft Photo Gallery 16.4.3505.912
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